2021-05-07
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – arbiter & arbitrate & arbitrator & mediate & mediator
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยคl
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง arbiter = ‘AHR-bi-ter’
ออกเสียง arbitrate = ‘AHR-bi-treyt’
ออกเสียง arbitrator = ‘AHR-bi-trey-ter’
ออกเสียง mediate – verb = MEE-dee-eyt’ – noun = ‘MEEdee-it’
ออกเสียง mediator = ‘MEE-dee-ey-ter’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
Arbiter = a person empowered to judge
or make determinations:
She will act as arbiter in the dispute.
Not to be confused with:
Orbiter = a space probe designed to orbit
a planetary body: The orbiter will land shortly.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does arbitrate mean?
To arbitrate is to act as an arbitrator
—an independent, impartial third party
that works to settle a dispute between two opposing sides,
oftenby making a decision that they both agree to.
This processis called arbitration.
Arbitrate can also mean to engage in arbitration,
as in: If we can’t come to an agreement, we may need to arbitrate.
For a process to be considered arbitration,
it must involvean arbitrator,
which can be a single person or a team of people.
The terms arbitrate and arbitration
are especially used in the context of negotiations
between businessesand labor unions.
Whenthe two sides can’t agree and negotiations are unproductive,
theymay agree or be ordered to arbitrate.
An arbitration process
in which the arbitrator’s decision must be accepted by both parties
is sometimes called binding arbitration
—meaning the arbitrator’s decision is final and legally binding.
The word arbitrate can also be used in a more general way
meaning“to determine or settle a dispute,”
similar tothe word mediate.
However, arbitrate often implies that the process is a formal one.
Example:
After weeks of negotiations stalled and resulted in an impasse,
the two sides agreed to enter arbitration.
Where does arbitrate come from?
The first recordsof the word arbitrate come from the late 1500s.
It ultimately comes from the Latin verb arbitrāri,
meaning “to give judgment.”
Arbitrate and arbitration are typically used
in a more specific waythan mediate and mediation.
Mediation generally refers to a process
in which an impartial third party (called a mediator)
helps partiesto settle a dispute or create agreement
by acting asan intermediary.
This can happen in the workplace or simply among friends, for example.
In contrast,
arbitration typically refers to a more formal form of mediation
—often one that happens in a legal context.
In this way, an arbitrator is a kind of mediator
and arbitrating is a form of mediating.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
Whatis an arbitrator?
An arbitrator is an independent, impartial third party
that works to settle a dispute between two opposing sides,
often by making a decision that they both agree to.
This process is called arbitration.
For a process to be considered arbitration,
it must involvean arbitrator,
which can be a single person or a team of people.
To act asan arbitrator is to arbitrate.
Arbitrate can also mean to try to settle a dispute through arbitration,
as in If we can’t come to an agreement, we may need to arbitrate.
The terms arbitrator and arbitration are
especially used in the context of negotiations
betweenbusinesses and labor unions.
When the two sides can’t agree and negotiations are unproductive,
they may seek to pursue arbitration by bringing in an arbitrator.
An arbitration processin which the arbitrator’s decision
must be acceptedby both parties
is sometimes called binding arbitration
—meaning the arbitrator’s decision is final and legally binding.
Example:
After weeks of negotiations stalled and resulted in an impasse, the two sides agreed to bring in an arbitrator.
Where does arbitrator come from?
The first recordsof the word arbitrator come from the 1400s.
It ultimately comes from the Latin verb arbitrāri,
meaning “to give judgment.”
The ending -tor is used in nouns
that refer to a person who performs a specific action
—in this case, the action of arbitrating.
Arbitrator is typically used
In a more specific way than the word mediator,
and the same is true for arbitration and mediation.
Mediation generally refers to a process in which an impartial third party (called a mediator) helps parties to settle a dispute or create agreement
by acting as an intermediary.
This can happen in the workplace or simply among friends, for example.
In contrast, arbitration typically refers to a more formal form of mediation (often one that happens in a legal context),
and an arbitrator acts in an official capacity.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does mediate mean?
Mediate means to help to settle a dispute or create agreement
when there is conflict between two or more people or groups
by actingas an intermediary or go-between for those parties.
A personwho acts as an intermediary or go-between in this way
can be calleda mediator.
The act or process of mediating is called mediation.
Mediation always involves a mediator
acting as an impartial third party to guide the communication
between the conflicting parties.
Sometimes, mediation happens in an informal way.
You might help two friends by mediating their argument.
But the word is perhaps most commonly used
in more specific waysin formal situations,
such aswhen a mediator mediates a labor dispute
betweena company and its striking employees
or when a mediator mediates a divorce for two spouses.
When mediation occurs in an official or legal context,
such aswhen it has been ordered by a judge,
it is often called arbitration.
Arbitration usually involves a decision that the parties are bound by.
Mediation is typically less formal and usually involves suggestions
for settling differences, as opposed to binding decisions.
Example:
I know you two have your differences, so I’d like to mediate a meeting to see if you can come to an understanding.
Where does mediate come from?
The first recordsof the word mediate come from around 1400.
It comes from theLatin verb mediāre, meaning “to be in the middle” or “to intercede.” The words intermediary and medium are related.
Mediating involves interceding in the middle of a conflict.
A mediator is not there to take sides
but instead to help promote agreement or reconciliation.
In other words,
the point of mediation is to find common ground
so that there is no longer a need to mediate.
Successful mediation often involves compromise.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does mediator mean?
A mediator is a person who mediates
—helps to settle a dispute or create agreement when there is conflict between two or more people or groups by acting as an intermediary or go-between for those parties.
The actor process of mediating is called mediation.
Mediation always involves a mediator acting as an impartial third party
to guide the communication between the conflicting parties.
Sometimes, mediation happens in an informal way.
You might act as a mediator for two friends by mediating their argument.
But the word is perhaps most commonly used in more specific ways
in formal situations,
such as when a mediator mediates a labor dispute
between a company and its striking employees
or when a mediator mediates a divorce for two spouses.
When mediation occurs in an official or legal context,
such as when it has been ordered by a judge,
it is often called arbitration and is performed by an arbitrator.
Arbitration usually involvesa decision that the parties are bound by.
Mediation is typically less formal and usually involves suggestions
for settling differences, as opposed to binding decisions.
Example: I know you two have your differences, so I’d like to act as a mediator while you talk it out and try to come to an understanding.
Where does mediator come from?
The first recordsof the word mediator come from the 1200s.
It comes from the Latin verb mediāre, meaning “to be in the middle” or “to intercede.” The words intermediary and medium are related.
The suffix -tor is used to indicate a person who performs a certain action—in this case, the action of mediating.
Being a mediator involves interceding in the middle of a conflict.
A mediator is not there to take sides but instead to help promote agreement or reconciliation.
In other words,
the point of being a mediator is to help find common ground
so that there is no longer a need to mediate.
Successful mediation often involves compromise.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choosethe Right Synonym for mediate
Verb
INTERPOSE, INTERFERE, INTERVENE, MEDIATE, INTERCEDE
meanto come or go between.
INTERPOSE often implies no more than this.
interposed herself between him and the door
INTERFERE implies hindering.
noise interfered with my concentration
INTERVENE may imply an occurring in space or time between two things or a stepping in to stop a conflict.
quarreled until the manager intervened
MEDIATE implies intervening between hostile factions.
mediated between the parties
INTERCEDE implies acting for an offender in begging mercy or forgiveness.
interceded on our behalf
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Did You Know?
Mediation is often used in disputes between companies and labor unions,
and the government actually provides mediators for such disagreements.
The mediator tries to bring the two sides to an agreement,
but doesn't have the power to actually order such an agreement.
Mediators also sometimes have a role in international disputes;
when two neighboring countries claim exclusive fishing rights
in the same ocean waters,
for example,
they may invite a trained mediator to help settle the argument.
Arbitration is similar to mediation,
butin arbitration both parties in a dispute agree to accept the arbitrator's decision.
The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary
Arbiter & arbitrator
An ARBITER isa judge
or someone with decisive influence (an arbiter of fashion).
In addition, an ARBITER may intervene to settle a dispute (-er).
An ARBITRATOR is someone who is officially appointed
to judge the rightsand wrongs of a dispute (-or).
The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary
Arbitrator & mediator
An ARBITRATOR reaches a judgement but is not necessarily obeyed.
A MEDIATORattempts to bring two opposing sides together
and to settle a dispute.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Arbiter
Are arbiter and arbitration arbitrary?
A large portion of the words we use today come from Latin roots.
Many of these words
retain a meaning that is closely related to their Latin ancestor,
although sometimes they will drift a considerable distance from their roots
(sinister, for instance, had the meaning of “on the left side” in Latin,
but also meant“unlucky, inauspicious”).
In some instances,
a single Latin word will give rise to multiple words in English,
some of which have strayed in meaning, and others which have not.
An example of thismay be found in our word arbiter.
We trace it to the Latin root with the same spelling, arbiter,
meaning “eyewitness, onlooker, person appointed to settle a dispute.”
A number of English words stem from the Latin arbiter,
many of which have to do with judging or being a judge.
An arbiter is a judge, and arbitration is the act of judging,
or serving as an arbiter.
Yet the most common meaning of arbitrary
is“existing or coming about
seeminglyat random or by chance
or as a capricious and unreasonable act of will,”
which seems to be quite a bit different in meaning
from the other two words.
Arbitrary does indeed come from the same Latin root,
and its oldest meaning in English was
“depending on choiceor discretion particularly regarding
the decision of a judge or a tribunal.”
But over time it developed additional senses
that are somewhat removed from that initial meaning.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Arbitrate & mediate
Although similar inmeaning,
these words have different applications.
Arbitrate means
“to decide between contending or opposing parties or sides.”
An arbitrator actuallyhears evidence, arrives at a decision,
and then makes an award.
Mediate means “to act as an intermediary in a dispute,”
“to be a go-between.”
Arbitrators have no authority to mediate,
just as mediatorshave no right
to make ultimate decisions and issue awards.
A mediator offers suggestions
that may or may not be acceptable to contending parties;
an arbitrator arrives at a solution
intended to be binding upon both sides in a dispute:
“The Family Court judge asked a marriage counselor to mediate the couple’s disagreements.”
“An impartial expert was appointed to arbitrate the issue of fringe benefits.”
