2021-05-06
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – a priori
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง a priori = ‘ey-prahy-AWR-ahy’ or ‘ey-pree-AWR-ee’ or ‘
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What does a priori mean?
A priori is a term applied to knowledge
considered to be true
without being based on previous experience or observation.
In this sense, a priori describes knowledge
that requires no evidence.
A priori comes from Latin and literally translates
as “from the previous” or “from the one before.”
It’s often appliedto things involving deductive reasoning,
which uses general principles
to arrive at specific facts or conclusions (from cause to effect).
Itcan be used as an adjective,
asin a priori knowledge, or
asan adverb,
asin We shouldn’t assume a priori that this is true.
A priori contrastswith a posteriori,
which literallytranslates as “from the latter” or “from the one behind”
and is applied to things
that are based on experience, observation, or existing data.
A posteriori
is applied to things that involve inductive reasoning,
which uses specific instances to arrive at a general principle or law
(from effect tocause).
Both a priori and a posteriori
are used in the context of reasoning and philosophy,
especially epistemology,
which isthe philosophical study of knowledge.
Bothcan also be used generally, though they’re often used formally.
Example: Any proposition considered to be a priori knowledge should be carefully examined for bias.
Where does a priori come from?
The first recordsof the use of a priori in English come from the mid-1600s. The first part, a, means “from,”
and priori means “previous”
(the English words prior and priority arebased on the same root).
The terms a priori and a posteriori
were popularizedby philosopher Immanuel Kant
in his influential 1781 book Critique of Pure Reason,
which focuses on the distinction
between empirical and non-empirical knowledge.
A priori knowledge is independent of experience,
while
a posteriori knowledge is derived from experience or observation.
Things that are claimed to be
true a priori are often thought to be self-evident,
whilethose claimed to be true a posteriori
are based on what has been experienced or demonstrated to be true.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
A priori
Did You Know?
A priori, Latin for "from the former",
is traditionally contrasted with a posteriori.
The termusually describes
lines of reasoning or arguments
that proceedfrom the general to the particular,
or fromcauses to effects.
Whereas a posteriori knowledge
isknowledge
based solely on experience or personal observation,
a priori knowledge
is knowledge
that comes from the power of reasoning
based on self-evident truths.
So, for example,
"Every mother has had a child" is an a priori statement,
since it shows simple logical reasoning
and isn't a statement of fact about a specific case
(such as"This woman is the mother of five children")
that the speaker knew about from experience.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
a priori
This Latin phrase meaning “from the one before”
is used in English to refer to matters
not based on examination or prior duty:
“The lawyer made an a priori judgement of his client’s case.”
Likemost foreign expressions brought intact into our language,
it should be used sparingly.
Even so,
it isan expression for which there is no satisfactory English equivalent.
