2021-01-08 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Set & sit
2021-01-08
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด S – Set & sit
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Set = ‘SET’
ออกเสียง sit = ‘SIT’
Dictionary.com
ORIGIN OF SET
First recorded before 900; Middle English verb setten,
Old English settan; cognate with Old Norse setja,
German setzen, Gothic satjan, all from Germanic satjan,
causative of setjan “to sit”;
Middle English noun in senses denoting the actionof setting
or the state of being set,
from set, set(t)e, derivative of the verb and its past participle;
in senses denoting a group,
from Middle English sette, from Old French,
from Latin secta (in later use influenced by the verb and Middle Low German gesette “set, suite”);
Dictionary.com
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH SET
The verbs set and sit are similar in form and meaning
but different in grammatical use.
Set is chiefly transitive and takes an object:
Set the dish on the shelf.
Its past tense and past participle arealso set:
Yesterday he set three posts for the fence.
The judge has set the date for the trial.
Set also has some standard intransitive uses,
as “to pass below the horizon”
(The sun sets late in the northern latitudes during the summer)
and “to become firm, solid, etc.” (This glue sets quickly).
The use of set for sit, “to be seated,” is nonstandard:
Pull up a chair and set by me.
Sit is chiefly intransitive and does not take an object:
Let's sit here in the shade.
Its past tense and past participle are sat:
They sat at the table for nearly two hours.
Have they sat down yet?
Transitive uses of sit include “to cause to sit”
(Pull up a chair and sit yourself down)
and “to provide seating for” (The waiter sat us near the window).
Dictionary of Collective Nouns and Group Terms.
Set
= a number of items of a similar natureusually used together;
= a group of persons who habitually meetsocially
or through some other contact.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Sit
1. describing a movement
When you sit or sit down,
you lower your body until your bottom is resting on something.
The past tense and -ed participle of sit is sat.
You usually use sit rather than 'sit down'
when you mention the place where someone sits.
A woman came and sat next to her.
Sit on this chair, please.
If you are not mentioning the place, use sit down.
She sat down and poured herself a cup of tea.
2. saying where someone is
If you are sitting somewhere,
your bottom is resting on something such as a chair.
In standard English,
don't say that someone 'is sat' somewhere.
They are sitting at their desks.
She was sitting on the edge of the bed.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'All Set': A Phrase Beyond "Ready"
A simple phrase with a number of possible meanings
What to Know
While all set commonly means "ready,"
it has developed a set of idiomatic uses
that could confuse non-native speakers.
For example,
"are you all set?" is often used to mean "are you finished?"
"The bill is all set" means thatthe bill has been taken care of.
And perhaps at a store you might hear
"do you need help or are you all set?"
implying that "all set" means one needs no help.
The common meaning of the phrase all set
is "completely ready" or "wholly prepared,"
or—to put it another way
—"in the proper state for some purpose,use, or activity.
"Some familiar examples are "Dinner is all set,"
"Your hotel room is all set,"
"Are you all set for school?,"
"Are we all set to leave?"
(The all, by the way, can be dropped without loss of meaning,
only with loss of the stress of completeness,
since adjectival set is synonymous with ready and prepared.)
'All Set' as an Idiom
Besides denoting being ready or prepared,
all set has developed idiomatic senses.
They can be considered idiomatic
because they are not derived from
any combination of the ordinary meanings of all and set;
their development is peculiar,
as well as is their acceptance into the English language,
considering the lack of semantic connectionbetween the words.
The accepted meanings
include: entirely finished, completed, or done
not wanting or needing assistance oranything more
thoroughly dealt with
When all set is used in one of these senses,
the phrase is often readily understood
—and by a wide range of English speakers from all areas of the country.
However, like many idioms before it,
the phrase's meanings are not equal to the sum of its parts.
As those encountering it for the first time might be (justifiably) confused,
we will here provide an introduction to the idiomatic uses of all set
in hope that you will be all set upon your next encounter.
All Set: Finished
There are countless instances in which all set
is used with the meaning of "entirely finished, completed, or done.
"A brokenhearted friend might resolve that they are "all set with relationships,"
or the person standing next to you at the bus stop on another below-zero day might chatter that they are "all set with winter."
A particularly common occasion is at a restaurant, pub, coffee shop,
or wherever you might be served food and drink.
WAITER: Are you all set?
DINER: Yes, I'm all set.
To those familiar with this curt question-response,
there are two ways to interpret it.
The waiter could be asking the diner
whether they are finished with their meal
(impatient to clear the table);
the diner then confirms that they are finished
(and are most likely either ready for dessertor the bill).
This same exchange might also occur shortly after being seated at a table
in which case the waiter is inquiring whether the diner is ready to order,
which they just so happen to be.
Without additional information
—as that provided by a modifying prepositional phrase,
as in "Are you all set with your meal?,"
or by context
—it is impossible to interpret what exactly is meantin this two-line exchange.
But we digress.
The point is all set can be used to say that you are finished, completed,
or done with something or that you are ready to do something.
All Set: I Don't Need Assistance
Considering another scenario,
a store employee might notice a shopper
looking around as if in search of something specific
and ask "Are you all set?"
This all set means "not wanting or needing assistance or anything more."
Basically, the employee is asking the shopper
if they need assistance in finding something.
The shopper might respond with "I'm good/fine/OK"
or with an equivalent "I'm all set"
—that is, if they don't need assistance.
Another example of this use is
when a birthday party guest declines a fourth piece of cake with "all set,"
which indicates that he doesn't want more.
All Set: Taken Care Of
Lastly, all set can communicate that
something has been "thoroughly dealt with."
The computer tech who debugged your computer
might apply the phrase in this sense to inform you
that the bugs have been terminated,
or the car mechanic might say, while handing you your keys,
"All set—and ready to go. Here's the bill."
Context usually helps determine
the meaning of these idiomatic uses of all set
that don't jibe with those of the word set.
But sometimes deciphering how the phrase is being used can be tricky.
FRIEND: Are you ready to watch another episode?
YOU: I'm all set.
Are you ready to watch or not?
The response is ambiguous.
However, if an affirmative "yes" or negative "no" were included in your response, your friend would have a better understanding of what your answer is.
"Yes, I'm all set" means "Yes,I'm ready";
no in "No, I'm all set"emphasizes that you are done watching the series for now.
In sum, there is the standard meaning of all set
referring to being ready or prepared,
and then there are idiomatic uses to be set for.
(Hopefully, you are now.)
For those who frequently use all set idiomatically,
please consider adding a "yes"or "no"
or a prepositional phrase to your "I'm all set" statement
to better communicate your question or response.
We think we are now all set (with all set), and we hope you are set.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note:
Originally set meant "to cause(someone) to sit"
and "to cause (something) to be in a certain position,"
so that it is now in most cases a transitive verb:
She sets the book on the table. He sets the table.
Sit is generally an intransitiveverb:
He sits at the table.
There are some exceptions:
The sun sets (not sits).
A hen sets (or sits) on her eggs.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
usage:
The verbs set and sit are similar in form and meaning
but different in grammatical use.
set is chiefly transitive and takes an object:
Set the dish on the shelf.
Its past tense and past participle are also set:
The judge has set the date for the trial.
set also has some standard intransitive uses,
as “to pass below the horizon”
and “to become firm, solid, etc.”
The intransitive use of set for sit, “to be seated,” is nonstandard:
Pull up a chair and set by me.
sit is chiefly intransitive and does not take an object:
Let's sit here in the shade.
Its past tense and past participle are sat:
Have they sat down yet?
Transitive uses of sit
include “to cause to sit” (Sit yourself on the sofa)
and “to provide seating for” (The waiter sat us near the window).
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Set & sit
Predominantly a transitive verb,
set means “to put,” “to place”:
“Set the box on the floor, please.”
Sit is predominantly an intransitiveverb
with a basic meaning of “to place oneself”:
“When I sit down you come and sit by me.”
Set use for sit, and sitfor set,
in the meaning, indicated, are nonstandard.
Do not say “Set yourself down” or“sit it here.”
Both set and sit have special meanings.
The following are standard usage:
“The sun sets behind that mountain every afternoon.”
“The house sits in a valley.”
“Sit the baby in the chair and then set her on her feet.”
The following expressions involving set and sit are hackneyed:
“Set one’s face (or one’s mind) against,” “set one’s heart on,”
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