2021-01-02 Ref.: www.gotoknow.org#
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Rout & route
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Rout = ‘ROUT’
ออกเสียง route = ‘ROOT’ or‘rout’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
route
= a way or course taken:
the shortest route to your destination;
= a round traveled in delivering, selling, or collecting goods:
a newspaper route
Not to be confused with:
= part of a plant normally below the ground;
= basic cause, source, or origin:
the root of the problem
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
route
The prescribed course to be traveledfrom a specific point of origin
to a specific destination.
See also
axial route; controlled route; dispatch route;
lateral route; reservedroute; signed route; supervised route.
Collins English Dictionary
Usage:
When forming the present participle
or verbal noun from the verb to route,
it is preferable to retain the e
in order to distinguish the word from routing,
the present participle or verbal noun
from rout, to defeat or rout, to dig, rummage:
the routeing of buses from the city centre to the suburbs.
The spelling routing in this sense is, however,
sometimes encountered, esp in American English
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
Rout (raʊt, rut) v.i., v.t.
Chiefly Brit. Dial. = to bellow;roar.
[1250–1300; Middle English rowten < Old Norse rauta to bellow]
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Unmixing the Mix-up of 'Root,' 'Route,'and 'Rout'
Homographs and homophones are at the root of it all.
What to Know
Root has four homographs, orwords that have the same spelling
but different meanings.
It can refer to the anchoring part of a plant;
as a verb it refers to developing roots,
searching via poking or digging,or cheering on a team.
The homophone (sounds the same)
route refers to a way ofgetting from one place to another
or sending someone along a route,
and the similar sounding
rout refers to defeating an opponent,
and can also refer to digging.
Sports fans have something in common with plantsand farm animals
—they all "root."
Sports fans root for their team
(and sometimes remain rooted to their seats inshock after their team just got routed);
plants root in soil;
pigs root—that is, dig with their snouts—for food
(this root is applied to other animals,
snouted or snoutless, as well—like chickens).
In the yard below the garden, just outside the palm fence at the back, a score of pigs and chickens rooted and pecked.
— Constance Lindsay Skinner, The Tiger Who Walks Alone, 1927
Homophones and Homographs
Uses of the verb root illustrated in the introduction
belong to different homographs of the word.
Homographs are words that are spelled alike
but are different in meaning, derivation, or pronunciation
—and generally they have their own entries in standard dictionaries.
In addition,
root is a homophone of route
(which can be pronounced \ROOT\ or \ROWT\).
Homophones are words that sound the same
but are spelled differently;
such being the case,
root and route are sometimes confused in writing.
There is also the closely spelled
rout that is occasionally mixed-up with both root and route.
(Rout is also a homophone of route when pronounced as \ROWT\).
The most logical route to take in explaining
the difference in these words
is to start with their origins and their basic meanings
and provide some examples of usage
in order to get familiar with them.
We'll then end with an explanation as to
why some mix-ups between these words occur
along with some examples of them—and a refresher.
The Meanings of 'Root'
Root has four homographs—one noun and three verbs.
The noun goes back to Old English in the form rōt
with the familiar sense of its modern form root
denoting the underground anchoring part of a plant
that absorbs water and minerals.
The related verb form meaning "to grow and develop roots"
(as in "The tree had difficulty rooting in the poor soil")
is planted in the 14th century.
As both the noun and verb matured, various extended senses influenced by the functions of roots sprang forth from them
—for example,
"Money is the root of all evil,"
"a dance rooted in African tradition,"
"The captain rooted out the mutinous crew members"
(which suggests a direct and complete removal
as if pulling out by the roots).
In the early 16th century, another verbal root began to be used.
It developed as an alteration (perhaps influenced by the noun root) of wroot, from Middle English wroten and Old English wrōtan.
Originally, it referred to the pig's act of rooting in search for food.
The animal's rooting then became associated with other acts of searching especially those involving poking or digging about,
literally and figuratively,
as in "Engineers are working at rooting out the cause of the problem."
The exact origin of the fourth homograph
—the "cheering" one ("rooting for the underdog,"
"fans rooting their team on")—is a mystery,
but it may be a 19th-century alteration of rout,
a British dialectal verb meaning "to low loudly" or "to bellow"
(as cattle do, and sometimes fans).
Uses of 'Rout'
Since the 16th century,
rout has shared the "animal" sense of root ("pigs routing in the earth"),
and this rout may have begun as a variant.
The change in vowel puzzles etymologists, however.
A slightly more common meaning of the verb
is "to force out as if by digging":
He said his name was Douglas Caddy and he introduced a small, anemic-looking man next to him as the attorney of record, Joseph Rafferty, Jr. Rafferty appeared to have been routed out of bed; he was unshaven and squinted as if the light hurt his eyes.
— Carl Bernstein and Bob Woodward, All the President's Men, 1974
The familiar rout
—referring to acts of defeating someone or something
(as in "The election was a rout,"
"The team routed their opponent 10-1")
—arrived in English sometime during the late-1500s via Middle French route, meaning "defeat."
The French route is possibly from mettre en route,
"to set going," "to put into motion."
The Meaning of 'Route'
Route has no connection to either root or rout in meaning or origin
—it's from Vulgar Latin rupta, a shortening of rupta via,
literally, "broken way, forced passage."
As a noun, it refers to ways of getting from one place to another
("a bus/delivery route") or achievingor doing something
("the route to success"),
and when used as a verb, it refers to sending someone
or something along a particular route
("Traffic was routed around the accident").
No digging or searching is involved.
The most probable root of confusion
with route and root is their identical pronunciation
as \ROOT\.
Another cause is the common association
of the homophone root with plants:
"What do plants have to do with cheering someone on?"
the writer thinks, and then proceeds to write "-u-t-e".
Mix-ups between route and rout may also
be influenced by pronunciation
—they both can be pronounced \ROWT\.
The incorrect spelling of route as rout
could quite possibly be from a writer's unfamiliarity
with its "e" spelling, as well,
but it is more likely that it occurs as an oversight.
Another factor is that route and rout are spelled the same
when inflected in the past tense and the present participle tense;
in such cases, you can only differentiate them from context.
People were routed out of their homes by the soldiers.
More and more retailers are routing online orders to brick-and-mortar stores nearby.
But in truth, these are all excuses for the misuse of the words.
The key is to become familiar with their spellings
and meanings in order to avoid mix-ups such as these:
Once you learn what is at the route of your aspirations to be "better," you can't unlearn it.
— The Republican (Springfield, Massachusetts), 18 July 2019
In Lincoln, one can expect that the game officiating might slant a bit toward the Cornhuskers, given a crowd of 89,853, with few routing for the Buffalos.
— The Denver Post, 22 Sept. 2018
The firefighters had picked him up at his Otis Avenue home, before taking a scenic root to the school. All the school's students and teachers lined the parking lot, waiting for his arrival
— The Daily News (Batavia, New York), 2 Nov. 2018
Hill said not everyone is prepared to go the traditional rout of a four year college and he wants Soldiers to understand that this program, and the training and skills it provides, gives them an advantage in the workforce they are about to enter.
— The Leesville (Louisiana) Daily Leader, 10 May 2019
Tips for Keeping 'Root'/'Rout'/'Route' Separate
If you were already proficient at using root, rout,and route
—great! We hope you found some of the etymological and semantic information in this article interesting.
If you sometimes stumble in the use of the words,
we hope learning more about them was helpful.
Here's a refresher.
Senses of root stem from the farm:
plants growing, pigs digging, and cattle bellowing
(that imagery is hard to erase from the mind).
Those of rout involve forcing out by defeat or digging.
Route is a hard one, but you could connect it
with the e in travel.
It is hoped that we have made you more confident
in distinguishing the different spellings and meaningsof these words.
But if you do find yourself hesitating about which to use,
look it up in our dictionary.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Root & rout & route
You can root for your team (cheer them on)
and hope that they utterly smash their opponents(create a rout),
then come back in triumph on Route 27(a road).
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Rout & route
Rout has several meaning,
one of which indicates “a way,” “a course,” or “a road,”
the specific meaning of route.
Rout is usually pronounced “ROWT.”
This is the pronunciation often given to route,
but the preferred pronunciation of routeis “ROOT.”
As a verb, route is pronounced both“ROOT” and “ROWT”
“This serious defeat put the entire division to rout.”
“We sailed for Europe by the North Atlantic route.”
“His job was to route deliveries to the proper departments.”
END OF R
