2020-12-30
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Restaurant & restaurateur
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Restaurant = ‘RES-tuh-rahnt’
ออกเสียง restaurateur = ‘res-ter-uh-TUR’
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR RESTAURATEUR
The English word restaurateur , borrowed from French,
still exists in modern Frenchin the same form
and with the same meaning.
The variant spelling restauranteur ,
influenced by the more familiar English word restaurant ,
is gaining some currency,
but has traditionally been considered erroneous.
COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY
USAGE FOR RESTAURATEUR
Although the spelling restauranteur occurs frequently,
it is a misspelling and should be avoided
Longman Dictionary of Contemporary English
Restaurant
WORD FOCUS: restaurant
the person who servesyou in a restaurant:
= waiter, waitress, server(AmE) and waitperson (AmE)
the person who cooks your food :
= chef
the person who welcomes the guests:
= maitre d', host/hostess (AmE)
a list of the food:
= menu also bill of fare (formal)
a list of wines and alcoholic drinks:
= wine list also drink list (AmE)
a piece of paper that shows the amount
you have to pay for your meal:
=bill (BrE) and check (AmE)
extra money you leave for the waiter or waitress:
= tip/gratuity (formal)
money that the restaurant charges for service:
= service charge, cover charge, corkage
See also: cafe, cafeteria, diner, drive-in, deli, snack bar, bistro
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Restaurateur Has French Roots
Restaurateur and restaurant were
borrowed directly from related French words,
and both ultimately derivefrom the Latin word restaurare ("to restore").
Restaurateur is the older of the two;
our earliest evidence dates it to 1793.
Restaurant is only slightly newer; it dates to 1806.
Of the two words, restaurant is of course significantly more common
—a fact that may have influenced the development
of the variant spelling restauranteur for restaurateur.
Restauranteur first appeared a mere 44 years after restaurateur,
but it is considered by manyto be an error.
It is, however, a standard variant,
albeit one that continues to be used less frequentlythan restaurateur.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
The History of 'Restaurant'
None of which explains cooking shows
According an often-repeated account
that was first published in 1853,
the first restaurant was opened in 1765 by a Parisian named Boulanger.
Boulanger's establishment on rue des Poulies, near the Louvre,
served mostly bouillons restaurants
—that is, "restorative broths."
The word comes from the Latin 'restaurare,' meaning "to renew."
In addition to being a soup vendor,
Boulanger was also a guy with a sense of humor:
his establishment's motto was the Latin invitation
Venite ad me omnes qui stomacho laboratis et ego vos restaurabo.
The sentence translates as
"Come to me all who suffer from pain of the stomach and I will restore you"
—a punning allusion to both the restorative quality of his broths
and Jesus's invitation found in Matthew 11:28
"Come to me, all who labor and are heavy laden, and I will give you rest."
Possible Christ complex aside, Boulanger seems to have had some good business sense and some pleasingly restorative broths.
His business model took off, and the word for the restorative quality of his broths came to refer to establishments of the ilk of Boulanger's.
(The French word restaurants that described Boulanger's broths is from the Latin restaurare, meaning "to renew.")
An aside: all was not happy in Paris in the aftermath.
As these restaurants spread and diversified,
they infringed on the domain of the traiteurs
—caterers who providedcooked food to people lacking a kitchen of their own.
The traiteurs (the word translates as "treaters")
reportedly took Boulanger to court, but lost,
and Boulanger's legacy was secured.
The legacy of the traiteurslived on too:
traiteur was borrowed into Italian as trattore, the base of trattoria,
a common Italian word for "restaurant"
that also graces the edificeof many an American restaurant
aspiring to a marinara as good as one in the Old World.
And so goes the story of restaurant the word.
But it's of course not the full story of "restaurant"
the place you go when you don't want to cook.
That topic is too vast for a modest article such as this,
but if we keep our focus trained on the words of the English language
we see that solely based on the vocabulary of yore,
Boulanger's restaurant was not the first "restaurant" by any stretch.
The Oxford English Dictionary's Historical Thesaurus
lists six words for a "restaurant" between the mid-15th century
and the time of Boulanger's broths:
eating house, victualling-house, cook's shop, treating-house, suttling-house (which was especially for soldiers), and chop shop.
It seems that we are once again confronted with the English language's swoon for French:
restaurant simply sounds more appetizing than any of those.
Bon appétit.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Restaurant & restaurateur
The former term, which derives from a French word
meaning “to restore,” is a somewhat more genteelword
than eating house, eatery, beanery and hash house (all slang)
and café, luncheonette, coffee shop, tavern, grill, and lunch counter.
It should be pronounced “RES-tuh-ruhnt” or “RES-tur-rahnt.”
A restaurateur (pronounced “RES-tuh-uh-tur”)
is the manager or owner of a restaurant.
