2020-12-05
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – Prepone – postpone
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Prepone = ‘pree-POHN’
ออกเสียง postpone = ‘pohst-POHN’
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
prepone
South Asian speakers have evolved the logical word
“prepone” to mean the opposite of “postpone":
to move forward in time.
it’s a handy word, but users of it should be aware
that those unfamiliar with their dialect will be baffled by this word.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for postpone
DEFER, POSTPONE, SUSPEND, STAY
mean to delay an action or proceeding.
DEFER implies a deliberate putting off to a later time.
deferred buying a car until spring
POSTPONE implies an intentional deferring usually to a definite time.
the game is postponed until Saturday
SUSPEND implies temporary stoppage with an added suggestion of waiting until some condition is satisfied.
business will be suspended while repairs are underway
STAY often suggests the stopping or checking by an intervening agency or authority.
the governor stayed the execution
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words We're Watching
Prepone
An Indian English word which means"to move to an earlier time"
India has the second-largest English-speaking population in the world,
and just as some English words have roots from Hindi or Urdu,
such as bungalow, dungaree, and shampoo,
there are some distinctly English words that are used in distinctly Indian ways.
Used widely by India's English speakers, the word is largely unheard outside the subcontinent.
A perfect example is prepone, a word made to oppose postpone.
If postpone means “to put off to a later time,”
then prepone, logically, must mean “to move to an earlier time.”
Here are some examples of its use:
Tournament organisers have decided to prepone the inaugural ceremony.
They have preponed the film’s release.
A petition has been filed for preponing the date of the hearing.
The term is used in official and professional writing.
It is not slang, but part of a regionally distinct variety of English c
alled Indian English
(or sometimes Hinglish, from Hindi + English, another word we’re watching).
Prepone has been in use for over a hundred years.
But prepone also has an interesting prehistory.
It was used as far back as the early 1500s with a slightly different meaning,
“to place in front of, to set before,” according tothe Oxford English Dictionary.
Here’s an example from a religious text from 1549:
I do prepone and set the Lord alwaye before myne eyes.
This sense is obsolete, but the modern Indian prepone hasa lot going for it:
it’s easy to say and spell, it’s made of familiar parts,
and it’s an efficient way to say something for which we have no other word.
It may well catch on in the rest of the English-speaking world.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
'Disloyal'/'chosen'/'postpone'
President Trump caused numerous words to spikein lookups in recent days,
due to comments he made regarding
the voting choices of Jewish Americans (disloyal)
and his own role in trade negotiations with China (chosen),
and his decision to delay a trip to Denmark (postpone).
And on Tuesday, President Trump made a statement that set the country aflame:
“I think any Jewish people that vote for a Democrat
— I think it shows either a total lack of knowledge or great disloyalty.”
The following day, he clarified what exactly he meant:
“If you vote for a Democrat, you’re being disloyal to Jewish people and you’re being very disloyal to Israel.” — Tayla Zax, The Forward (forward.com), 21 Aug. 2019
In the midst of answering a question about the ongoing trade war with China on Wednesday, President Donald Trump turned from reporters, looked to heavens and proclaimed, "I am the chosen one.” — Chris Cillizza, CNN (cnn.com), 21 Aug. 2019
President Trump Has Postponed His Denmark Visit Because Greenland Isn't for Sale — (headline) Time (time.com), 21 Aug. 2019
We do not have a specific entryfor chosen one,
but do define the noun sense of
chosen as “one who is the object of choice or of divine favor; an elect person.”
When employed as an adjective
chosen may carry such meanings as
“selected or marked for favor or to receive special privilege”
or “selected by God.”
Postpone, as it applies to Trump’s decision to not visit Denmark,
has a fairly straightforward meaning, “to put off to a later time.”
For those who wish to be less productive at work today,
and to wallow in the glorious polysemy of English,
we can point out that postpone may also mean
“to place later (as in a sentence) than the normalposition in English,” and
“to place later in order of precedence, preference, or importance.”
English being as profligate as it is,
all of these senses have antonyms,
enjoying varying degrees of currency in modern use;
two of these are from the word prepone.
An obsolete sense of prepone,dating in use to the early 16th century,
has the opposing meaning of postpone when used to mean
“to place later in order of precedence, preference, or importance.”
Due to the word’s relative scarcity in modern times we do not enter it;
the Oxford English Dictionary defines it as “to place in front of; to set before.”
Do not prepone or set forthe your selfe byfore any other. Do not repute, thynk not ne reken your selfe supiriour, & above any person. — Richard Whitford, Here followeth dyvers holy instrucyons and teachynges very necessarye for the helth of mannes soule, 1541
Prepone also has a temporal meaning ("to move to an earlier time”),
one which began in the 20th century, and is found almost exclusively in Indian English.
Procurement of mustard preponed to March 28 — (headline) The Times of India (New Delhi, Ind.), 28 Mar. 2018
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Delay – cancel – postpone – put off
1. 'delay'
If you delay doing something, you do it at a later time.
The government delayed granting passports to them until a week before their departure.
Try and persuade them to delay some of the changes.
If a plane, train, ship, or bus is delayed, it is prevented from leaving or arriving on time.
The coach was delayed for about five hours.
The flight has been delayed one hour, due to weather conditions.
2. 'cancel'
If you cancel something that was arranged,
you decide officially that it will not take place.
The Russian foreign minister has cancelled his trip to Washington.
Over 80 flights were cancelled because of bad weather.
3. 'postpone' and 'put off'
If you postpone or put off an event,
you arrange for it to take place at a later time than was originally planned.
Postpone is more formal than put off.
The crew did not know that the invasion had been postponed.
This is not a decision that can be put off much longer.
The Association has put the event off until October.
