2020-11-27
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด P – Personality & character
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Personality – ‘pur-suh-NAL-i-tee’
ออกเสียง character = ‘KAR-ik-ter’
Farlex Trivia Dictionary
Personality =
- anima, persona - Anima is Carl Jung's term for the inner part of the personality, or character, as opposed to the persona, or outer part.
- anima, animus - Anima is the source of the female part of personality and animus is the source of the male part.
- anthropomorphism - The ascription of a human attribute or personality to anything impersonal or irrational.
- personality - First referred to the quality of being a person and not a thing.
American Heritage Dictionary
personality
USAGE NOTE:
Personality is often used to mean “celebrity,”
particularly in popular journalism,
as in The show features interviews with entertainment personalities.
A case can be made for the usage,
since many of the persons so described arebest known
simply for who they are rather than what they have done.
Thus personality may be an appropriate description of someone
who is best known by virtue of his or her frequent appearances
as a television host or an advertising spokesperson,
but it is slighting when used of people whose renown is based on substantive achievements.
Perhaps for this reason, the word was unacceptable to 57 percent of the Usage Panel in an earlier survey.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
char′ac•ter•ful, adj.
char′ac•ter•less, adj.
syn:
character, personality refer to the sum of the characteristics possessed by a person.
character refers esp. to the moral qualities and ethical standards
that make up the inner nature of a person:
a man of sterling character.
personality refers particularly to outer characteristics,
as wittiness or charm, that determine the impression that a person makes upon others:
a pleasing personality.
See also reputation.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for personality
DISPOSITION, TEMPERAMENT, TEMPER, CHARACTER, PERSONALITY
mean the dominant quality or qualities distinguishinga person or group.
DISPOSITION implies customary moods and attitude toward the life around one. a cheerful disposition
TEMPERAMENT implies a pattern of innate characteristics associated with one's specific physical and nervous organization. an artistic temperament
TEMPER implies the qualities acquired through experience that determine how a person or group meets difficulties or handles situations. a resilient temper
CHARACTER applies to the aggregate of moral qualities by which a person is judged apart from intelligence, competence, or special talents. strength of character
PERSONALITY applies to an aggregate of qualities that distinguish one as a person. a somber personality
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR CHARACTER
Character, individuality, personality
refer to the sum of the characteristics possessed by a person.
Character refers especially tomoral qualities, ethical standards, principles, and the like: a man of sterling character.
Individuality refers to thedistinctive qualities that make one recognizable as a person differentiated from others: a woman of strong individuality.
Personality refers particularly tothe combination of outer and inner characteristics that determine the impression that a person makes upon others: a child of vivid or pleasing personality.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for character
Noun
DISPOSITION, TEMPERAMENT, TEMPER, CHARACTER, PERSONALITY
mean the dominant quality or qualities distinguishing a person or group.
DISPOSITION implies customary moods and attitude toward the life around one. a cheerful disposition
TEMPERAMENT implies a pattern of innate characteristics associated with one's specific physical and nervous organization. an artistic temperament
TEMPER implies the qualities acquired through experience that determine how a person or group meets difficulties or handles situations. a resilient temper
CHARACTER applies to the aggregate of moral qualities by which a person is judged apart from intelligence, competence, or special talents. strength of character
PERSONALITY applies to an aggregate of qualities that distinguish one as a person. a somber personality
QUALITY, PROPERTY, CHARACTER, ATTRIBUTE
mean an intelligible feature by which a thing may be identified.
QUALITY is a general term applicable to any trait or characteristic whether individual or generic. material with a silky quality
PROPERTY implies a characteristic that belongs to a thing's essential nature and may be used to describe a type or species. the property of not conducting heat
CHARACTER applies to a peculiar and distinctive quality of a thing or a class. remarks of an unseemly character
ATTRIBUTE implies a quality ascribed to a thing or a being.
the attributes of a military hero
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
TYPE, KIND, SORT, NATURE, DESCRIPTION, CHARACTER
mean a number of individuals thought of
as a group because of a common quality or qualities.
TYPE may suggest strong and clearly marked similarity
throughout the items included
so that each is typical of the group.
Ione of three basic body types
KIND may suggest natural grouping. a zoo seemingly having animals of every kind
SORT often suggests some disparagement. the sort of newspaper dealing in sensational stories
NATURE may imply inherent, essential resemblance rather than obvious or superficial likenesses. two problems of a similar nature
DESCRIPTION implies a group marked by agreement in all details belonging to a type as described or defined. not all acts of that description are actually illegal
CHARACTER implies a group marked by distinctive likenesses peculiar to the type.
research on the subject so far has been of an elementary character
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Traits of Character
Character demonstrates
that a word may have many and varied meanings
and yet still be easily understood by most listeners
when used in disparate settings.
We have little trouble distinguishing
the meanings of the noun in
“she had a fine and noble character,”
“Bill is always joking; he’s such a character,”and
“He was the last character to appear in the play,”
not to mention its many other applications.
Character comes ultimately from the Greek charaktēr
(“mark, distinctive quality”),
which passed through Latin and French before landing in English.
The Greek noun itself is derived from the verb charassein,
meaning “to sharpen, cut in furrows, or engrave.”
The literal sense of the noun (“an engraved or imprinted mark”)
existed in Greek, Latin, and French side by side with the figurative one
(“a distinctive quality”), and both senses were borrowed into English early on, with a variant of the figurative sense appearing first.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
The Characteristics of 'Character'
It has a long and complex backstory
When we speak of someone having good (or bad) character,
of being in (or out) of character,
or of being a shady character
we are using some of the more modern senses
(modern here meaning “from the 17th century onward”)
of a word that has an interesting history and, yes, character.
Character can be traced back to the Greek charassein,
meaning “to sharpen, cut in furrows, or engrave.”
This word gave the Greeks charaktēr, a noun meaning “mark, distinctive quality” (a meaning that was shared by the Latin character).
When English adopted the word in the 14th century
this “a distinctive differentiating mark” wasamong
the earliest meanings of the word,
along with “a conventionalized graphic device placed on an object
as an indication of ownership, origin, or relationship,”
a definition that includes the letters of the alphabet
which make up the word itself.
Textor also writeth, that amongest the auncientes there was a custome to make the Character of a horsse in the forehead of a boud-slaue, there was also ymages of horssemen and horsses renowned in many countries for the honor of both. — Edward Topsell, The historie of foure-footed beastes, 1607
Senses such as “the aggregate of distinctive qualities characteristic of a breed or type” did not come about until the 17th century.
The Caracter of a Horse, Page 1. To prevent distempers in Horses 2. To feed them without Hay, Corn, or Grass
— Gervase Markham, The compleat husbandman and gentleman’s recreation_, 1695
Also in the 17th century there arose a related meaning, “the complex of mental and ethical traits marking and often individualizing a person, group, or nation,” one that we often have applied to describing the people of an entire nation.
Character of the Dutch, being three Weeks Observations of their Vice and Virtue. — William Whitwood, A catalogue of choice books, 1686
”Insensibility,” says M. de la Condamine, “is the basis of the American character.” — Wiliam Robertson, The history of America, 1777
The 17th century (which was a banner century for character)
is when we began using this word to refer to individuals.
The earliest such uses come from the theater.
But this hinders not that there may be more shining characters in the Play. — John Dryden, Of dramatic poesie, 1668
So, Comedy in like manner would abound with all delightful variety of both, by which we behold the humours, and inclinations of men, in due elevation, and magnitude; not that it is requisite that all the characters in a Play should be equally great…. — Edward Howard, The womens conquest, 1671
In addition to referring to a figure in a play,
character may apply to one of the people found in a novel,
to a person marked by conspicuous traits
(‘you know your aunt, she’s quite a character’),
or broadly to an individual or person.
One of the most striking aspects of the word character
is how well it illustrates the ability of speakers of English
to differentiate between the many senses of a single word.
When we encounter a sentence
such as “the word processing programs now always come with a wide range of special characters”
we have a feeling, even without any additional context,
that the writer is likely to be referring to“a graphic symbol,”
and not “reputation.”
And when we encounter the sentence
“I did not seek to impugn your character”
we know that the writer is referring tosomeone’s reputation,
and not to their graphic symbols
(even if we aren’t quite sure what impugn means).
This ability is one of the unheralded superpowers
well-nigh all native speakers of a language have,
the ability to instantly distinguish between
potentially dozens of complex meanings of a single word.
It should be no less remarkable for its being commonplace,
and so, the next time someone around you uses a word
such as character, give yourself a paton the back
for understanding what it means.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Personality
In show business personalities are people
famous for being famous
(mostly popular actors and singers);
people with more substantial accomplishments
like distinguished heads of state
and Nobel Prize winners should not be
referred to as “personalities”
even when they appear on the Tonight Show.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Personality
This word has largely taken the place of character
and is now used to refer to the qualities
in an individual that impress others:
“Gray is a boy with a pleasing personality,”
It can also apply to atmosphere (a room with a warm personality) and, when used as a plural, can mean “heated remarks” or “quarrelling”:
“The discussion began pleasantly but soon turned into a series of personalities.”
Personality is also overused in the sense of PERSONAGE:
“In his day W. C. Fields was a noted personality.”
