2020-11-15
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด N - Nostalgia & homesickness
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Nostalgia = ‘no-STAL-juh’ or ‘no-STAL-jee-uh’
ออกเสียง homesickness = “HOHM-sik
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Word History
Those Were the Days: On 'Nostalgia'
When missing home was a disease
Nostalgia refers to a longing for how things once were.
We get nostalgic for all kinds of things considered fleeting:
our grandmother's cooking, the feeling of first love,
the crackle of a baseball game on the radio in summer.
Or maybe reading an Archie comic that contains all three.
Americans love the circus because it hasthe rare ability
to invoke the real memories of one's first childhood visit
coupled with the nebulous cultural nostalgia of circus parades, mustachioed ringmasters and the assembled curiosities of a world made wide before one's eyes.
— Newsweek, 19 Dec. 2017
It used to be that the highlight of a trip to Paris or London was the Tuileries or Trafalgar Square. But as cities around the world have been reshaped by writers, artists, foodies, bons vivants and those who emulate them, the humming little enclaves they create are redrawing the travel map. Call it nostalgia for Greenwich Village in the Beat era or the Left Bank of the Jazz Age: tuned-in travelers are seeking out more local precincts. — Danielle Pergament, The New York Times Style Magazine, Winter 2008
Although we now associate nostalgia with fond memory, the word was coined to refer to an unwanted medical condition. The –algia in nostalgia means "pain"; a product of New Latin, it can be found in more clinical-sounding words such as glossalgia (pain in the tongue), cranialgia (a fancy word for headache), and proctalgia (a literal pain in the behind).
Johannes Hofer (1669–1752) was a Swiss physician who named the condition, which he identified as a mania tied to homesickness in Swiss mercenary soldiers. The nost- in nostalgia means "homecoming," and such sentimental yearning for home during field operations was viewed as a disorder of the brain, with symptoms ranging from melancholy and malnutrition to brain fever and hallucinations.
Nostalgia may be characterized in four words—sadness, sleeplessness, loss of appetite, and weakness. The nostalgic loses his gayety, his energy, and seeks isolation in order to give himself up to the one idea that pursues him, that of his country. He embellishes the memories attached to places where he was brought up, and creates an ideal world where his imagination revels with an obstinate persistence.
— Appleton's Journal, 23 May 1874
Those who received the diagnosis were frequently demeaned, and depending on the case, the treatments available could be cruel and unsympathetic. And even though deaths were attributed to nostalgia, there are indications that it was never well understood in the public consciousness:
Do you know what they say Ma'am Richards died of? " said Yuba Bill to his partner. "The doctor says she died of nostalgia," said Bill. "What blank thing is nostalgia? " asked the other. "Well, it 's a kind o' longin' to go to heaven!" Perhaps he was right.
— Bret Harte, in Tales of the Argonauts: The Writings of Bret Harte Vol. 2, 1896
Discussion of nostalgia as an ailment seemed to fall out of favor by the end of the 19th century, but soon afterward its use to describe a longing for something from the past or far away began to take hold:
I have an idea that some men are born out of their due place. Accident has cast them amid certain surroundings, but they have always a nostalgia for a home they know not. They are strangers in their birthplace, and the leafy lanes they have known from childhood or the populous streets in which they have played, remain but a place of passage. — W. Somerset Maugham, The Moon and Sixpence, 1919
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Nostalgia
'Nostalgia' was once considered a disease akin tohomesickness.
Definition:
pleasure and sadness that is
caused by remembering something from the past
and wishing that you could experience it again
Nostalgia, truth be told,
has not strayed as far from its original meaning as have many of the words on this list, but it still was used initially in a manner that is quite distinct from the one most often found today. The word can be traced back to a combination of Greek (nostos, “return home”) and New Latin (-algia, “pain”) roots.
This etymology makes sense, in light of the initial sense of the word, which was “a severe melancholia caused by protracted absence from home or native place.” Or, if you prefer a shorter definition, “homesickness.”
Desire of being at home....where it is described, and called Nostalgia,
and is frequently (he says) treated of by the Helvetian physicians,
having been most observ’d in them, who are most abroad of any people;
as the Jews, whilst not yet forsaken and quite abandon’d,
were more than any people carried captive out of their own land. —Jonathan Harle, An Historical Essay on the State of Physick in the Old and New Testament, 1729
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Nostalgia
From Mad Men, Boardwalk Empire, and Downton Abbey
to the 50th anniversary of the Beatles' arrival in America,
this was a year in which entertainment coverage drove curiosity about the word nostalgia.
But the annexation of Crimea (with coverage of "Soviet nostalgia") and the defeat of Eric Cantor (with discussions of “the politics of nostalgia”) also led to spikes in lookups.
Overall, lookups of nostalgia more than doubled this year.
Nostalgia comes from a Greek word meaning "to return home";
it originally meant "homesickness" in English.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Nostalgia & homesickness
Nostalgia comes from a Greek word meaning “return home,”
but its meaning has been extended to indicate
a desire to return in thought or in fact to a former time in one’s life.
Homesickness (home plus sick) is illness, depression, or sadness caused by a longing for home;
it is both more specific and more restricted in meaning than nostalgia.
“Several young soldier in this company are suffering from homesickness.
“Thoughts of his childhood home and happy youth caused a wave of nostalgia to sweep over the weary old man.”
The adjectives nostalgia and homesick convey the same primary meaning as the nouns from which they are formed:
“This young traveler was often homesick and lonely.”
“That autobiography is a nostalgic account of the author’s first thirty years.
