2020-10-05 ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Grow

Revision G

2020-10-05

151216-4 ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Grow

16 ธันวาคม 2015 12:07 น.

http://www.gotoknow.org/posts/598502

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น

ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Grow = ‘GROH’

Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary

We used to grow our hair long or grow tomatoes in the yard,

but now we are being urged to “grow the economy” or “grow your investments."

Business and government speakers have extended this usage widely,

but it irritates traditionalists.

Use “build,” “increase,” “expand,” “develop," or “cause to grow” insteadin formal writing.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Is grow a transitive verb?

Some people feel queasy when encountering grow used transitively (as in “grow the economy”).

While it may grate on the ears of many,

grow has existed as a transitive verb for hundreds of years,

initially in relation to such things as crops,

then to facial hair and the like,

and finally to a small variety of other things

(such as a business or the economy).

The transitive form of grow sounds peculiar to many people,

and you may certainly avoid using it, but it is wrong to state,

as some do, that it is always improper or that it does not exist.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

Grow has a long history of usage peeves.

Grammar and usage peeves,

much like the meanings of words, shift and change in curious and unpredictable ways.

Some, such as the notion that one should not end a sentence with a preposition, endure for hundreds of years,

in spite of the fact that they are rather useless and nonsensical.

Others, such as the mid-20th century idea that balding was not a proper word, have a short life and then are forgotten.

Sometimes a word will escape from one usage quibble and become accepted as standardized English, only to find that another quibble has taken the place of the first one. Meet grow.

In the late 19th century the hot new peeve with all the cool grammarians was the use of grow to refer to something that was not getting larger in some manner of size.

Note to reader: the words hot, cool, and grammarian, as used in the previous sentence, are all highly subjective, and should not be taken seriously.

In any event, Richard Grant White, a notorious scold of the time, didn’t like it when grow was used to indicate that something was becoming smaller.

However, we have been using the word grow to mean “to become” since the 15th century, and we’ve been using it to in reference to diminution, rather than enlargement, since at least the early 16th.

The prohibition against using grow smaller (or similar uses) stuck around for a number of decades, but as the 20th century wore on an increasing number of grammarians came to accept it.

But rather than simply fade away and enter the dim realm of ‘words which we used to complain about but now can’t quite remember why,’ grow instead pirouetted neatly and found a new way to annoy people.

Nowadays the hot new peeve among grammarians is the idea that grow should not be used as a transitive verb

(note:please observe the same semantic caveats as earlier).

One slight issue with this is that the Oxford English Dictionary informs us that grow has functioned as a transitive verb for well over 500 years now. Happily, as always, Twitter has an answer.

So according to adherents of this new peeve,

Modern English will allow grow to be used as a transitive verb,

but only for plants or hair.

Except that certain technical fields, such as crystallography, have been using the transitive grow since the early 20th century.

The current iteration of this peeve appears to have originated largely as a result of Bill Clinton’s use of “grow the economy,”

when he was campaigning for president in 1991.

However, Clinton was merelypopularizing a term which was already part of the economic jargon at that time. In 1988 the president of the Federal Reserve Bank of Cleveland, W. Lee Hoskins, was quoted in The Cleveland Plain Dealer using the economically transitive grow:

It is perfectly reasonable to dislike the sound of certain word combinations (such as ‘grow the economy,’ or ‘grow a business’).

And it would be fascinating if we could assign this degree of specificity to other transitive verbs (‘expand may be used as a transitive verb, but only when referring to waistlines. And green raincoats.’)

But attempting to prohibit all transitive use of a verb based on the dislike of some uses of it is not the most practical approach.

You don’t have to like, or even abide, transitive grow.

But you should admit that it exists, and at this point you can probably stop blaming Bill Clinton for it.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language

grow′er n.

grow′ing·ly adv.

Usage Note:

Grow is most often used as an intransitive verb,

as in The corn grew fast or Our business has been growing steadily for 10 years.

This use dates back to the Middle Ages. In the 1700s, a transitive sense arose with the meaning "to produce or cultivate,"

as in We grow corn in our garden.

Then, starting in the late 1900s, people began to use grow with a nonliving thing or even an abstraction as the direct object,

often in the context of politics or business,

as in One of our key strategies is to grow our business by increasing the number of clients.

This trend was widely criticized. In 1992, only 20 percent of the Usage Panel accepted the sentence above, and only 48 percent accepted We've got to grow our way out of this recession. These usages remain common, however, and resistance to them has lessened: in 2014, 60 percent of the Panel accepted the grow our business sentence, and 65 percent accepted the grow our way out of the recession sentence.

But Panelists strongly frown upon the phrase grow down, probably because it seems oxymoronic: 96 percent of the Panel found it unacceptable.

Collins COBUILD English Usage

grow

1. 'grow'

When children or young animals grow, they become bigger or taller.

The past tense of grow is grew. The -ed participle is grown.

The doctor will check that the baby is growing normally.

The plant grew to a height of over 1 metre.

Has he grown any taller?

2. 'grow up'

When someone grows up, they gradually change from a child into an adult.

He grew up in Cambridge.

They grew up at a time when there was no television.

Be Careful!
Don't confuse the verbs grow up and bring up.

If you bring up a child, you look after it as it grows up.

Don't say 'grow up a child'.

We thought the village was the perfect place to bring up a family.

See bring up - raise - educate

3. used to mean 'become'

Grow is also used to mean 'become'.

He's growing old.

The sky grew dark.

See become

4. 'grow to'

If you grow to feel or think something, you gradually start to feel or think it.

After a few months, I grew to hate my job.

See get to - grow to