2020-10-05 ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Gourmand & gourmet & glutton


Revision G

2020-10-05

151215-2 ศัพท์ ที่มักสับสน ชุด G – Gourmand & gourmet & glutton

15 ธันวาคม 2015 16:41 น.

http://www.gotoknow.org/posts/598463

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Gourmand = ‘goor-MAHND’/’GOOR-muhnd’

ออกเสียง Gourmet = ‘goor-MEY’/’GOOR-mey’

ออกเสียง Glutton = ‘GLUHT-n’

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree

gourmand

a person who likes food and tends to eat to excess:

He’s nothing more than a gourmand who eats everything in sight.

Not to be confused with:

gourmetconnoisseur of fine food and drink:

His choice of wines shows that he is a gourmet.

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

Gourmand - gourmet - glutton

These words have to do with eating, but they are different in meaning.

A gourmand is a large, enthusiastic eater

(Diamond Jim Brady was a gourmand, often eating for three hours at a time).

A gourmet is a fastidious eater, an epicure (As a French chef, he considers himself a gourmet).

A glutton is one with a huge appetite, one who eats to excess and with little delicacy of choice or table manners.

A gourmand is a heavy consumer of food but prides himself to some degree on his knowledge of cuisine;

a gourmet may or may not be a heavy consumer of food but in any event is a connoisseur, and expert;

only a glutton eats with an unrestrained appetite.

The use of gourmet as an adjective (gourmet foods, a gourmet meal) is not considered standard, but widespread usage will likely confer reputability upon it as time passes.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for gourmand

EPICURE, GOURMET, GOURMAND, GASTRONOME

mean one who takes pleasure in eating and drinking.

EPICURE implies fastidiousness and voluptuousness of taste.

GOURMET implies being a connoisseur in food and drink and the discriminating enjoyment of them.

GOURMAND implies a hearty appetite for good food and drink, not without discernment, but with less thana gourmet's.

GASTRONOME implies that one has studied extensively the history and rituals of haute cuisine.

Did You Know?

What God has plagu'd us with this gormaund guest?

As this exasperated question from Alexander Pope's 18th-century translation of Homer's Odyssey suggests, being a gourmand is not necessarily a good thing.

When "gourmand" began appearing in English texts in the 15th century, it was a decidedly bad thing, a synonym of "glutton" that was reserved for a greedy eater who consumed well past satiation. That negative connotation remained until English speakers borrowed the similar-sounding (and much more positive) "gourmet" from French in the 19th century.

Since then, the meaning of "gourmand" has softened, so that although it still isn't wholly flattering, it now suggests someone who likes good food in large quantities rather than a slobbering glutton.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for gourmet

Noun

EPICURE, GOURMET, GOURMAND, GASTRONOME

mean one who takes pleasure in eating and drinking.

EPICURE implies fastidiousness and voluptuousness of taste.

GOURMET implies being a connoisseur in food and drink and the discriminating enjoyment of them.

GOURMAND implies a hearty appetite for good food and drink, not without discernment, but with less thana gourmet's.

GASTRONOME implies that one has studied extensively the history and rituals of haute cuisine.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

'Gourmet' or 'Gourmand'?

Those people who wish to describe themselves as people who love food, but who are averse to self-identifyingwith the word foodie, are left with several options.

There is epicure, which is defined as “one with sensitive and discriminating tastes especially in food or wine.”

However, this word also has the meaning of “one devoted to sensual pleasure,”

and is therefore perhaps best avoided.

There is the option of describing oneself as a gastronome (“ a lover of good food”),

but this is an obscure word, and when attempting to let others know that you value fine grub it is important to be understood.

For many people the choice of descriptors comes down to a battle between gourmand and gourmet.

While both of these words are concerned with food or drink and the enjoyment of ingestingthese things, they have histories and meanings which are different enoughthat a degree of consideration is warranted before describing yourself as one or the other.

Gourmand is the older of these two, in use since the 15th century.

For the first several hundred years this word was in use its meaning was largely confined to “glutton,” or “one who is excessively fond of eating and drinking.”

Gourmet is defined as “a connoisseur of food and drink.”

The word may also function as an adjective, meaning “of, relating to, or being high quality, expensive, or specialty food typically requiring elaborate and expert preparation.”

This word is a relative newcomer, not showing up in English until the end of the 18th century as a noun, and the end of the 19th as an adjective.

Gourmet may be traced to the French word grommes, which may mean, among other things, “wine merchant's assistant.” As seen in its early uses, the word once had a meaning in English that was much closer to its French roots, as it typically referred to one who discriminated in wines, rather than food.

Gourmet now shares its meaningwith food and drink, and the semantic province of wine words has been largely taken over by such as sommelier (“a wine steward”), oenophile (“ a lover or connoisseur of wine”), and, for the truly discriminating, stewbum (“drunkard”).

As gourmet became increasingly common, and increasingly associated with food, the “glutton” sense of gourmand began to soften(possibly through people associating the two words), and people began using the word in a new sense, “one who is heartily interested in good food and drink.”

Some usage guides feel that gourmand should be used exclusively to refer to one who overindulges in food and drink.

However, our records indicate that the newer meaning (“one who is heartily interested in good food and drink”) is now the more common sense.

This does not mean that the two words are interchangeable; many writers do take care to distinguish between gourmet and gourmand.

Even in such instances where gourmand is used without the judgmental feel of “glutton,” the sense of “heartily interested in good food and drink” tends to be easily distinguishable from gourmet.

The gourmand tends to engage in a more populist form of eating and drinking than the gourmet.

คำสำคัญ (Tags): #English words#Common Errors#Problem Words
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