Long time ago, when The neurological professor said "nerve cell is the only cell type in body that will never be regenerated".
This "fact" even been tested in the medical student examination.
After that, a rare case who could recover from massive stroke ignite the curious about the truth. Just few years later, this "believe" was  replaced by the new discovery.
...

I think there are different ways to approach Buddism / Learning theories.

Scientific approach - test it personaly for the tempolary result (or clear evidence based of ศีล 5)

Philosophic approach -  deductive/reductive reasoning.

In my own opinion, argument based on the later (philosophy) approach is somewhat challenging since it hard to be tested. ( and what be accepted true without testing is definition of "believe"?)