วิพากษ์ยุทธศาสตร์การวิจัยและนวัตกรรมแห่งชาติ ๒๐ ปี (พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐ - ๒๕๗๙) ๑๕๘. ระบบวิจัยและนวัตกรรมเพื่อขับเคลื่อนประเทศไทยออกจากกับดักรายได้ปานกลางสู่ประเทศรายได้สูง
วิพากษ์ยุทธศาสตร์การวิจัยและนวัตกรรมแห่งชาติ ๒๐ ปี (พ.ศ. ๒๕๖๐ - ๒๕๗๙) ๑๕๘. ระบบวิจัยและนวัตกรรมเพื่อขับเคลื่อนประเทศไทยออกจากกับดักรายได้ปานกลางสู่ประเทศรายได้สูง
ผมถาม Generative AI สามเจ้า คือ ChatGPT, bard, และ Bing ด้วยคำถามว่า What are key components of Research and Innovation Systems that will push a middle-income country to a high-income country? และเมื่อได้คำตอบ ก็ถามต่อว่า What are specific issues for strengthening Thailand's RIS to become HIC?
Gen AI ที่ให้คำตอบดีที่สุดคือ bard ขอคัดลอกคำตอบมาดังต่อไปนี้
Here are some key components of Research and Innovation Systems that can push a middle-income country (MIC) to a high-income country (HIC):
1. Strong Human Capital:
- Investment in education and training: A highly skilled workforce is essential for developing and adopting new technologies. MICs need to invest in quality education at all levels, from primary to tertiary, and focus on STEM fields (science, technology, engineering, and mathematics).
- Building research capacity: MICs need to increase the number of researchers and scientists, both in academia and industry. This can be achieved through scholarships, research grants, and programs to attract talent from abroad.
- Promoting entrepreneurship and innovation: Encouraging a culture of entrepreneurship and risk-taking is crucial for driving innovation. MICs can do this by providing support to startups and small businesses, and by creating an environment that is conducive to innovation.
2. Robust R&D Infrastructure:
- Increased public and private R&D investment: MICs need to increase their overall R&D spending, both as a percentage of GDP and in absolute terms. This can be achieved through a combination of government funding, tax incentives for private R&D, and public-private partnerships.
- Focus on relevant research areas: MICs should prioritize research in areas that are relevant to their economic development goals and comparative advantages. This could include areas such as agriculture, manufacturing, renewable energy, and healthcare.
- Developing strong research institutions: MICs need to build strong universities, research institutes, and science parks that can conduct cutting-edge research and collaborate with industry.
3. Effective Innovation Ecosystem:
- Strong intellectual property (IP) regime: A robust IP system is essential for protecting inventions and encouraging innovation. MICs need to develop and enforce IP laws that are in line with international standards.
- Efficient technology transfer mechanisms: MICs need to create mechanisms for transferring new technologies from research institutions to businesses. This can be done through technology incubators, accelerators, and licensing agreements.
- Access to financing for innovation: Startups and small businesses often face difficulties in accessing financing for innovation. MICs can address this by creating venture capital funds, angel investor networks, and other forms of financial support for innovative ventures.
4. Supportive Government Policies:
- Stable and predictable regulatory environment: A stable and predictable regulatory environment is essential for attracting investment and encouraging innovation. MICs need to streamline regulations and reduce bureaucratic hurdles for businesses.
- Openness to trade and investment: MICs need to be open to trade and investment in order to access new technologies and markets. This can be achieved through trade agreements, investment treaties, and policies that make it easier for foreign businesses to operate in the country.
- Focus on social development: Investing in social development, such as healthcare and education, is not only important for its own sake but can also contribute to economic growth and innovation. A healthy and educated population is more likely to be productive and innovative.
By investing in these key components, MICs can create a strong Research and Innovation System that can drive them towards high-income status. However, it is important to note that there is no one-size-fits-all approach to developing a successful Research and Innovation System. The specific needs of each MIC will vary depending on its economic context, political system, and cultural factors.
It is also important to remember that transitioning from a MIC to a HIC is a long-term process that requires sustained effort and commitment. There are many MICs that have successfully made this transition, such as South Korea, Taiwan, and Singapore. These countries provide valuable lessons for other MICs that are aspiring to reach high-income status.
เมื่อถามประเด็นที่ประเทศไทยต้องปรับปรุงระบบวิจัยและนวัตกรรม เพื่อพัฒนาสู่ประเทศพัฒนาแล้ว ได้คำตอบดังนี้
While Thailand boasts a strong Research and Innovation System (RIS) compared to other middle-income countries (MICs), several specific issues hinder its potential to propel the nation towards high-income status (HIC):
Human Capital:
- Uneven quality of education: While Thailand has achieved near-universal primary education, the quality of education across regions and institutions varies significantly. Rural areas and vocational schools often lag behind.
- Skill mismatch: Educational content sometimes remains insufficient in meeting the demands of the modern economy, leading to graduates lacking industry-relevant skills.
- Brain drain: Talented researchers and graduates are often tempted by opportunities abroad, hindering knowledge retention and talent pool growth within Thailand.
R&D Infrastructure:
- Low public and private R&D investment: Thailand's R&D expenditure as a percentage of GDP is still below the HIC average. Private sector involvement in R&D remains limited, particularly in smaller businesses.
- Focus on applied research: While practical applications are crucial, neglecting fundamental research can limit long-term innovation potential and breakthroughs.
- Inefficient collaboration between academia and industry: Knowledge transfer and partnerships between universities and businesses are not always smooth, hindering the translation of research into commercial products and services.
Innovation Ecosystem:
- Weak intellectual property (IP) protection and enforcement: Inadequate IP protection discourages innovation by making it risky for companies to invest in developing new technologies.
- Limited access to financing for innovation: Startups and small businesses often struggle to secure funding for innovative ventures, especially in sectors beyond traditional industries.
- Risk-averse culture: There may be a tendency towards favoring established businesses and traditional approaches, hampering the adoption of new technologies and disruptive ideas.
Government Policies:
- Bureaucratic inefficiencies: Complex regulations and lengthy approval processes can stifle innovation and entrepreneurial activity.
- Inconsistent policy implementation: Frequent changes in policy priorities or inconsistent implementation can undermine long-term investment in R&D and innovation.
- Inadequate focus on social development: Investments in healthcare, education, and social safety nets can improve human capital and create a more supportive environment for innovation.
Additional Issues:
- Income inequality: A significant wealth gap can limit the market for innovative products and services, hindering their economic impact.
- Digital divide: Unequal access to technology and broadband infrastructure can disadvantage certain regions and populations, limiting their participation in the innovation economy.
- Environmental sustainability: Integrating environmental considerations into R&D and innovation can help ensure long-term economic growth and well-being.
To address these issues and strengthen Thailand's RIS for HIC aspirations, targeted strategies and investments are necessary. This includes improving education quality and relevance, boosting R&D funding, fostering collaboration, strengthening IP protection, simplifying regulations, promoting entrepreneurship, and investing in social development. By tackling these challenges and nurturing a dynamic and inclusive innovation ecosystem, Thailand can unlock its full potential and embark on a successful journey towards a high-income future.
คุณ บาร์ด ปัญญาประดิษฐ์ รู้จักเมืองไทยดีทีเดียว คำแนะนำของเขาครบถ้วนและแม่นยำ คนในวงการวิจัยและนวัตกรรมไทย รวมทั้งวงการพัฒนาประเทศ ควรได้อ่านความเห็นนี้ แล้วเอาไปร่วมกันคิดต่อ ว่าจะดำเนินการอย่างไร ในหน้าที่ของตน
ความสำเร็จอยู่ที่การดำเนินการ มากกว่าที่หลักการ โดยต้องดำเนินการพัฒนาแบบมีวงจรเรียนรู้และปรับตัวจากประสบการณ์ และมุ่งมั่นดำเนินการระยะยาว
วิจารณ์ พานิช
๔ ม.ค. ๖๗
ความเห็น (1)
Shall we honor ‘Oracle Bard’ with a Thai title and medal?
It would interesting to see Bard’s influence on candidates and voters in the next election ;-)