2023-05-31 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด J – JEW & Jewish

Revision J

 

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา 

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Jew = ‘JOO’

ออกเสียง Jewish = ‘JOO-ish’

Informal = Yiddish = ‘YID-ish’ 

= noun mean, a language spoken as a vernacular 

by Jews in Europe and elsewhere 

by Jewish emigrants, usually written in the Hebrew alphabet. 

 

ให้คำแปล lunisolar  (loo-ni-soh-ler) 

= pertaining to or based upon the relations 

or joint action of the moon and the sun. 

 

Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary

JEW & JEWISH

“Jew” as an adjective (“Jew lawyer”) is an ethnic insult;

the word is “Jewish.”

 

But people who object to “Jew” 

as a noun are being oversensitive. (=ขุ่นเคืองง่ายเกินไป)

Most Jews are proud to be called Jews.

The expression “to Jew someone down"

—an expression meaning “to bargain for a lower price”

—reflects a grossly insulting stereotype 

and should be avoided in all contexts.

 

Dictionary.com

Usage notes for Jew

The adjectival use of Jew,

as in the phrase Jew boy, is now perceived as insulting;

the adjective Jewish should be used instead.

 

The verb jew (down) is also perceived as offensive,

because it perpetuates 

the stereotype of the shrewd Jewish moneylender or haggler.

 

Originally, however, both the adjective and the verb

were used in a neutral way by Jews and non-Jews.

 

Dictionary.com

The Meaning Of “Rosh Hashanah”

What is Rosh Hashanah?

 

Rosh Hashanah, usually commemorated in September,

marks the beginning of the Jewish New Year.

 

At sunset, families and friends gather to pray 

and then eat the traditional honey and apples, 

which symbolize the hope for a sweet new year.

 

Rosh Hashanah, also spelled Hashana 

or Ha-shanah, comes from Hebrew

and, most simply put, means “beginning of the year.”

 

According to the Hebrew Bible,

Rosh Hashanah not only marks the new year

—it also honors the creation date 

of Adam and Eve some 5,700 years ago,

 

the first relationship, 

and the human connection with God’s world.

Rosh Hashanah ushers in a 10-day period

known as the Yamim Nora-im (“Days of Awe” 

or “High Holidays”).

Nine days after the first day of Rosh Hashanah,

Jews will observe Yom Kippur, 

which means “day of atonement.”

 

During Yom Kippur, observers abstain from eating and drinking 

and participate in daylong prayers of repentance.

Forgiveness is asked for sins committed during the year.

 

Why isn’t Jewish New Year celebrated on January 1?

The Hebrews used a lunisolar calendar long before 

the Gregorian calendar established 

the system used in other places around the world.

 

The Jewish calendar contains 12 months

and consists of 353 to 355 days, 

instead of 365 or 366.

 

What is the Rosh Hashanah tradition of the shofar?

One tradition of the holiday is 

the blowing of the shofar,

a ram’s horn that doubles as a wind instrument.

 

Historically, use of the shofar 

varied from communicating signals in battle 

to announcing the beginning of the Sabbath.

 

Now, it’s primarily used at synagogue services 

at this time of year.

The word shofar is from Hebrew, 

and it’s related to the Arabic word sawafiru,

which means “ram’s horn.”

 

What can you say to wish someone a happy Rosh Hashanah?

While “Happy birthday, humanity” might be tempting,

the traditional Jewish greeting Shana Tova means “good year.”

The longer version Shana Tova U’metukah 

wishes someone “a good and sweet year.” 

 

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary

usage:

The adjectival use of Jew, as in the phraseJew boy, 

is perceived as highly insulting; 

the adjective Jewish should be used instead.

 

The verb jew, though not used as a deliberate slur,

 is also perceived as highly insulting.