2022-03-15
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – F - factitious & fictitious
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียงfactitious = “fak-TISH-shuhs”
ออกเสียง fictitious = “fik-TISH-uhs”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
factitious & fictitious
The basic meaning offactitious are
“artificial,” “contrived,” “not spontaneous”:
“The centerpiece on the tabl was made of factitious leaves and flowers.”
‘'Many gadgets in the home are but factitious conveniences.”
Fictitious has a related meaning of “not real,”
but it is more often applied to works of the imagination,
such as novels, plays, and stories:
“His account of the experience was partly accurate and partly fictitious.
A factitious lawsuit is one that has been contrived with little basis in fact;
a fictitious lawsuit is one that has a completely imaginary basis.
Dictionary.com:
WORDS THAT MAY BE CONFUSED WITH FACTITIOUS
1. facetious, factious, factitious
2. factitious , fictitious
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
factitious
Did you know?
Like the common words fact and factual,
factitious ultimately comes from the Latin verb facere,
meaning "to do" or "to make."
But in current use,
factitious has little to do with things factual and true
—in fact, factitious often implies the opposite.
The most immediate ancestor of factitious is the Latin adjective facticius,
meaning "made by art" or "artificial."
When English speakers
first adopted the word as factitious in the 17th century,
it meant "produced by human effort or skill"
(rather than arising from nature).
This meaning gave rise to such meanings
as "artificial" and "false" or "feigned."
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree:
fictitious = spurious, fake; fictional;
= created or assumed with the intention to conceal:
a fictitious name;
= imaginatively produced:
a fictitious story
Not to be confused with:
Facetious – not to be taken seriously;
= amusing; humorous; frivolous:
I was only being facetious.
factitious – artificial; contrived:
His enthusiastic response was factitious.;
= made; manufactured:
a factitious part
Collins English Dictionary:
ˈfactiously adv
ˈfactiousness n
Usage: Fractious is sometimes wrongly used where factious is meant:
this factious (not fractious) dispute has split the party still further
Collins COBUID English Dictionary:
fictional – fictitious
1. 'fictional'
A fictional character, thing,
or event occurs in a story, play, or film,
and has never actually existed or happened.
I had to put myself into the position of lots of fictional characters.
...a musical about a fictional composer called Moony Shapiro.
Fictional also means 'relating to fiction and the telling of stories'.
James Joyce's final fictional experiment was a novel composed
entirely of mathematical equations.
2. 'fictitious'
Something that is fictitious is false and is intended to deceive people.
They bought the materials under fictitious names.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for fictitious
Fictitious, Fabulous, Legendary, Mythical, Apocryphal
mean having the nature of something imagined or invented.
Fictitious implies fabrication and suggests artificiality
or contrivance more than deliberate falsification or deception.
fictitious characters
Fabulous stresses the marvelous or incredible character of something
without necessarily implying impossibility or actual nonexistence.
a land of fabulous riches
Legendary suggests the elaboration of invented details
and distortion of historical facts produced by popular tradition.
the legendary exploits of Davy Crockett
Mythical implies a purely fanciful explanation of facts
or the creation of beings and events out of the imagination.
mythical creatures
Apocryphal implies an unknown or dubious source
or origin or may imply that the thing itself is dubious or inaccurate.
a book that repeats many apocryphal stories
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Did you know?
Fictitious is related to the Medieval Latin word fictīcius,
meaning "artificial," "imaginary," "feigned," or "fraudulent."
It was first used in English as an antonym for natural.
For instance, a fake diamond would be referred to as a fictitious one.
This use indicates the word's deeper Latin roots:
fictīcius is from the Latin verb fingere,
meaning "to mold, fashion, make a likeness of; pretend to be."
Nowadays, fictitious is no longer used for physical things shaped by the human hand.
Rather, it is typically used for imaginative creations or for feigned emotions.
Dictionary.com:
FICTITIOUS VS. FICTIONAL VS. FICTIVE
What’s the difference between fictitious, fictional, and fictive?
Fictitious most commonly means false or made up,
as in
I signed in with a fictitious name to hide my identity.
Fictional means invented as part of a work of fiction,
as in
Sherlock Holmes is a fictional detective or
This account is entirely fictional—it’s not based on a true story.
Fictive is a much less commonly used word
that means imaginary or relating to or capable of creating fiction,
as in a fictive imagination.
Confusingly, their meanings can overlap
—fictitious can sometimes mean the same thing as fictional,
and fictive can sometimes mean the same thing as fictitious.
It can be tough to remember
which word is the right one to use
since all three are adjectives that are used
in contexts involving things that are imagined or made up.
Still, they are usually used in pretty specific ways.
Fictitious is most commonly used
in the context of things that are made up
to conceal something or deceive someone in real life,
whereas fictional is almost always
applied to stories and characters that are part of creative works,
like books and movies.
Fictitious can usually be replaced with the word fake
—this is not the case for fictional.
Here’s an example of fictitious, fictional, and fictive
used correctly in the same sentence.
Example:
Instead of using fictitious names that no one would notice,
his aliases were the names of fictional characters,
like Clark Kent and Peter Parker
—you would think a con artist would have a more fictive imagination.
Dictionary.com:
Are Fictional, Fictitious, And Fictive Synonyms?
Published May 14, 2020
Although some people absolutely love reading true stories,
there are others who have no interest in nonfiction books.
Instead, they prefer to dive into stories from made-up universes
instead of immersing themselves in facts.
So do they prefer fictional novels, fictitious tales, or fictive stories?
All three of these adjectives look and sound similar,
but are they synonyms that can be interchanged?
The answer is yes … depending on the sentence;
although these are different words,
all three have close denotations that make them synonyms
except for a few slight distinctions.
Let’s take a look.
What does fictional mean?
Fictional is an adjective defined as
“invented as part of a work of fiction.”
For example,
Dr. Meredith Grey is a fictional character on a TV show
and is not an actual medical provider.
Fictional also means “of, like, or characterized by fiction.”
In this case,
Tommy read a fictional story
about monsters for his book report
instead of studying a historical figure.
This word refers to things
that are made up from imagination instead of the truth.
Fictional was first recorded in 1840–45 and
is derived from the Latin verb fing?re
(“to mold, fashion, make a likeness of, pretend to be”).
Synonyms or fictional
include fabricated, fanciful, imaginary, imagined,
made-up, make-believe, fictive, invented, and fictitious.
What does fictitious mean?
Like fictional,
fictitious means not genuine or false
and is defined as “of, relating to, or consisting of fiction;
imaginatively produced orset forth; created by the imagination.”
For example,
a fictitious stranger who needed help is a perfect excuse for being late.
However unlike fictional,
this word isn’t just about make-believe or the imaginary
—the intention behind the fabrication can be just as important.
That’s because fictitious is also defined as
“created, taken, or assumed for the sake of concealment.”
For example,
when they entered into the Witness Protection Program,
the Smith family had to take on fictitious identities
and could never reveal who they really were.
Therefore, fictitious and fictional can be interchanged
in circumstances referring to things that are made up or imaginary.
But if the intention is to invent something in order to conceal the truth, then fictitious should be used and not fictional.
First originating in 1605–15, fictitious derives from the Latin word fict?cius
meaning “artificial,” which can be traced back to fing?re, like fictional.
Synonyms or fictitious
include apocryphal, bogus, counterfeit, fabricated, fanciful, and imaginary.
What does fictive mean?
Lastly in this trio we have fictive:
an adjective that is similar to fictional,
as it means “pertaining to the creation of fiction.”
However, it’s also defined as “a rare word for fictitious”
and “fictitious; imaginary.”
That makes fictive a synonym for both fictional and fictitious
as well as fabricated, fanciful, imaginary, and imagined.
The first recorded use of fictive was in 1485–95,
and it comes from the French adjective fictive (“invented”),
which ultimately is derived from—you guessed it—fing?re.
Since fictive can describe both something that is not real
as well as an imaginative creation,
it can replace both fictional and fictitious in a sentence.
For example,
to escape the horrors of his own reality,
the little boy created a fictive (or fictional) world
complete with an imaginary best friend.
In order to scam her classmates,
she came up with a fictive (or fictitious) product to sell
and collected their money before she “delivered” it.
How to use each word
It can be slightly confusing to know which word can be used
in what sentences since fictional and fictive completely overlap,
fictitious and fictive can be interchanged,
but fictional and fictitious can only be swapped
depending on the intended meaning.
So a general rule that completely simplifies this love triangle is:
- if the adjective is modifying a noun that’s a sham
or created to mislead, then stick to fictitious.
- That’s because fictive is less often used in the negative, scamming, sense and fictional never is.
- For example,
although it may not have been her original intention,
Elizabeth Holmes had a phony product
that was delivering fictitious resultsto patients.
However, if the intended meaning is something
that’s purely pretend or make believe
without the negative implication of faking something
in order to mislead, then all three options can be used.
Examples of this include:
- When they were younger, the Smith siblings created a fictional (or fictitious, fictive) language that only they
could understand and completely stumped their parents.
- Although it was only depicting fictitious (or fictional, fictive) events, the episode’s cliffhanger had his heart beating and palms clammy from the suspense.
Although The Handmaid’s Tale is a fictive (or fictional, fictitious) story
first published in 1985,
the recent TV adaptation incorporates many elements
that feel uncomfortably current and realistic to viewers.
