2022-01-29
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C - credible & creditable & credulous
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง credible = “KRED-uh-buhl”
ออกเสียง creditable = “KRED-i-tuh-buhl”
ออกเสียง credulous = “KREJ-uh-luhs”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
credible & creditable
Credible means “believable,”
“worthy or capable of confidence and belief,”
“trustworthy”:
“The jury found the witness’s statement credible.”
Creditable means “deserving credit,”
“bringing or deserving credit, esteem, or honor”:
“His performance during the game was entirely creditable.”
The antonym, or negative, ofcredible isincredible;
the antonym ofcreditable isdiscreditable.
An allied word,credulous, means
“willing to believe too easily,”
“gullible.”
Its opposite isincredulous.
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
credible & credulous
"Credible” means “believable” or “trustworthy.”
It is also used in a more abstract sense,
meaning something like “worthy”:
“She made a credible lyric soprano.”
Don’t confuse “credible” with “credulous,”
a much rarer word which means “gullible.”
“He was incredulous” means “he didn’t believe it”
whereas “He was incredible” means “he was wonderful”
(but use the latter expression only in casual speech).
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Credible
Did you know?
Credible evidence is evidence that's likely to be believed.
A credible plan is one that might actually work,
and a credible excuse is one your parents might actually believe.
And just as credible means "believable",
the noun credibility means "believability".
(But we no longer use incredible to mean the literal opposite of credible, just as we no longer use unbelievable as the literal opposite of believable.)
Since cred is short for credibility,
"street cred" is the kind of credibility
among tough young people that you can only get
by proving yourself on the mean streets of the inner city.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
Does 'Incredible' Mean 'Not Credible'?
It did. Now it's more like "really really good."
What to Know
The in- prefix in incredible did initially imply"not,"
as the original definition of incredible was
"too extraordinary to be believed," thus "not credible."
However, over time the meaning of incredible weakened
and is now taken to mean "amazing."
This is similar to the weakening of the word unbelievable.
Original Meaning of 'Incredible'
When incredible first began being used, in the 15th century,
it was with the meaning
“too extraordinary and improbable to be believed.”
It did not take long for writers to begin using the word
in a slightly weakened sense.
Not as much weakened as ‘my brunch was simply incredible,’
but enough so that it can be interpreted
more to mean “amazing” than “unable to be believed.”
Unbelievable' Has Taken a Similar Path
Similarly to incredible,
unbelievable started off meaning “too improbable for belief,”
before taking on a somewhat weakened sense.
Despite the fact that
unbelievable and incredible are a bit flexible,
not all words in English
that are composed of {a negative prefix} + {an adjective referring to belief}
have broadened in similar manner.
Incredulous still largely refers to not being credulous, and implausible almost always is restricted to meaning “not plausible.”
So for those
who have managed to work out all the roles played by in-,
there is a wild card:
any of the words using this as a negative prefix
may slip from their semantic moorings.
Another one of the things that makes English an incredible language.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
The Difference Between 'Credulous' and 'Credible'
We want to believe!
What to Know
Credible describes a person or thing that is trustworthy,
or something that is plausible.
Credulous describes a readiness to believe,
especially on slight evidence.
Its is similar in usage to "gullible."
Creditable also means "worth of trust,"
but also mean "worthy of praise."
The Latin verb credere, meaning "to believe or trust,"
is the source of a plethora of English words pertaining to belief and trust, including creed, credence, credo, and credit.
Trust works two ways, and maybe that's why
some credere-derived words are liable to be confused with one another. Take, for example, credible and credulous.
How to Use Credible
Credible describes a person or thing (such as a claim)
that is likely to be believed or worthy of being believed:
Credible is a synonym of plausible and of course,
is related to incredible, a word that sees more frequent use
in describing something so amazing as to not be believed
(as in "an incredible sunset" or "an incredible coincidence").
How to USe Credulous
Credulous, meanwhile, means
"ready to believe especially on slight or uncertain evidence" or
"proceeding from such a readiness to believe":
Credulous has a close synonym in gullible,
a word that, despite rumors to the contrary,
is indeed in the dictionary.
How to Use Creditable
A third word that gets tossed into the mix is creditable,
which, like credible, can also mean "worthy of belief":
Overlap Between 'Credible' and 'Creditable'
Credible sees occasional use in this latter sense:
Both words can be used to describe things that,
rather than deserve belief,
deserve an acknowledgment of credit,
the kind we speak of when we say
"She was given credit for her contributions."
So, if you were to say that
credible could be conflated with creditable,
we'd say that's a credible theory.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Credulous
Did you know?
It’s easier to give credit to people who adhere to their creed
than to give credence to what miscreants say, or for that matter,
to find recreants altogether credible.
That sentence contains a half dozen words which,
like today’s credulous, are descendants of credere,
the Latin verb that means "to believe" or "to trust":
credit ("honor," as well as "belief");
creed ("guiding principle");
credence ("acceptance as true");
miscreant ("a heretic" or a criminal); recreant ("coward, deserter"); and
credible ("offering reasonable grounds for being believed").
Credulous is even more closely allied
to the nouns credulity and credulousness (both meaning "gullibility"),
and of course its antonym, incredulous ("skeptical," also "improbable").
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
Credible – credulous - creditable
1. 'credible'
If something is credible, it can be believed.
His latest statements are hardly credible.
This is not credible to anyone who has studied the facts.
Credible is most commonly used in negative sentences.
2. 'credulous'
People who are credulous are always ready to believe
what other people tell them, and are easily deceived.
Credulous women bought the mandrake root to promote conception.
3. 'creditable'
A performance, achievement, or action that is creditable
is of a reasonably high standard.
He polled a creditable 44.8 percent.
Their performance was even less creditable.
