2022-01-29
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C – council & counsel & consul
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง council = “KOUN-suhl”
ออกเสียง counsel = “KOUN-suhl”
ออกเสียง consul = “KON-suhl”
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
council & counsel & consul
The first two words arepronounced the same
but have distinct meanings.
An official group that deliberates,
like the Council on Foreign Relations, is a “council”;
all the rest are “counsels”: your lawyer, advice, etc.
A consul is a local representative of a foreign government.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
council & consul & counsel
A consulis an official:
“Robin visited the American Consul in Naples.”
Council means “an assembly,” “a group”:
“This is a council of senior citizens,”
Counsel is both noun and verb
and means “advice” or “to advise”:
“The physician gave me expensive counsel.”
“The manager will counsel fast action by the board of directors.”
Dictionary.com:
WORDS OFTEN CONFUSED WITH COUNCIL
Council, counsel, and consul are not interchangeable.
Council is a noun.
Its most common sense is
“an assembly of persons convened for deliberation or the like.”
It is generally used with a singular verb.
A member of such a group is a councilor.
Counsel is both noun and verb.
Its most common meaning as a noun is “advice given to another”:
His counsel on domestic relations is sound.
A person giving such advice is a counselor.
In law, counsel means “legal adviser or advisers”
and can be either singular or plural.
As a verb, counsel means “to advise.”
The noun consul refers to the representative of a government
who guards the welfare of its citizens in a foreign country.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
Convening on 'Counsel' and 'Council'
We drop the gavel. Remediation is provided.
What to Know
Counsel is a noun or a verb relating to advice or the act of giving advice.
One who gives advice is referred to as a counsellor.
The homophone council only has a noun form,
and usually refers to groups or committees that decide rules and laws,
or provide guidance.
Members of a council are councillors
but what they engage in is actually counseling.
Readers,
before we present our findings on misuse of counsel and council,
we would like to share information
on the similarities and differences of these
similarly spelled words with the same pronunciation.
It is believed that doing so will be beneficial to those writers
who find themselves seeking counsel when choosing between them.
For those who find that they do not need counsel,
the information provided will be useful if ever called upon
to be a counselor for a confused writer
or if appointed to a council on the English language.
Homophones, Homographs, and Homonyms
Counsel and council are homophones, not homographs or homonyms.
Homographs are words that are spelled alike
but are different in origin, meaning, or pronunciation
(for example,
the noun bow for a part of a ship
and the noun bow for a weapon
are the same in spelling but not pronunciation).
Homonyms are words that have the same spelling and pronunciation
but are different in meaning
(e.g., the noun bear and the verb bear).
Counsel and council are homophones (like blue and blew)
because they are pronounced alike
but have different spellings and meanings.
As homophones, they are only confused in writing
since they sound the same in speech.
The Meaning of 'Counsel'
Counsel functions as a noun or a verb.
As a noun, it is used to refer to advice, instruction, or recommendation provided to someone
("The king sought counsel from his advisors") as well as
to a person providing expert or professional advice or services,
or specifically to a lawyer representing
—and giving advice to—a party in a court of law.
Someone who provides counsel,
especially personal guidance or instruction, is called a counselor
(e.g., a school/camp/marriage counselor),
which means the derivative counselor is a synonym of counsel.
Less commonly, nominal counsel is used
to refer to a person's guarded thoughts or intentions.
This sense, which is most often encountered in literary writing,
often follows keep.
"To keep (one's own) counsel"
means to not share your thoughts with others,
as exemplified by William Shakespeare's Hamlet's line
"The players cannot keep counsel;
they'll tell all" or by the English novelist George Eliot
when she penned in Middlemarch:
"Standish will keep our counsel, and the news will be old before it's known."
The verb counsel suggests the act of giving advice:
"The lawyer counseled her client on the plea bargain";
"The professor counsels graduate students in their dissertation work."
This fact is helpful when one has to choose between counsel and council
when a verb is called for because council does not have a verb form.
Evidence of the incorrect verbal council, however,
can be found when searching for it,
and easily spotted when not sought out:
The Meaning of 'Council'
As mentioned, council is only a noun.
It is used as a designation for various groups of people
who are elected or appointed to make rules, laws, or decisions,
or groups that provide advice, guidance, or consultation.
It also refers to a meeting by a council.
Although frequently used without a modifier,
as in "a council on low-income housing,"
it is equally coupled with one:
"city council," "student council," and "security council" are examples.
Conversely, it is used attributively (that is, as an adjective) to modify nouns, as in "a council member" or "a council meeting."
An elected member of a council is called a councillor;
however, councillors do not engage in counciling but rather in counseling.
Examples of Mistaken Usage
Our counseling session on counsel and council is coming to an end.
Before we conclude,
here are a couple of published quotes using the words incorrectly.
We left blank spaces in their place.
We trust that you can correctly fill them in.
Counsel and council are, indeed, confusing words
in that they are pronounced the same but spelled differently;
another factor is that
they are both associated with the act of giving advice.
Council is the word for an advisory group or meeting;
counsel is the word for advice, an individual giving advice or guidance,
or the verb indicating such action.
There is not a tried-and-true mnemonic to differentiate these words.
Relating committee to the second c in council might help
and the verb advise to the s in counsel; however, both words relate to giving advice, advising, which leads to the confusion.
Our counsel is to visit the dictionary for advice, counsel.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:
Usage Note:
Council, counsel, and consul are never interchangeable,
though their meanings are related.
Council and councilor refer principally to a deliberative assembly
(such as a city council or student council), its work, and its membership.
Counsel and counselor pertain chiefly to advice and guidance
in general and to a person (such as a lawyer or camp counselor)
who provides it.
Consul denotes an officer in the foreign service of a country.
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
Council & counsel
1. 'council'
Council /'kaʊnsəl/ is a noun.
A council is a group of people who run a local area
such as a town, city, or county.
...Wiltshire County Council.
Some other groups of people
who run organizations are also called Councils.
...the Arts Council.
...the British Council of Churches.
2. 'counsel'
Counsel /'kaʊnsəl/ is usually a verb.
If you counsel someone, you give them advice about their problems.
Part of her work is to counsel families when problems arise.
Someone's counsel is the lawyer who gives them advice
on a legal case and speaks on their behalf in court.
Singleton's counsel said after the trial that he would appeal.
