2022-01-24 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C - complex & complicated

Revision C

2022-01-24

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C - complex & complicated

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Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง complex - adj. – verb =  kuhm-PLEKS or “KOM-pleks” ; 

• Noun =  “KOM-pleks”

ออกเสียง complicated = “KOM-pli-key-tid”

 

The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary

complex & complicated

Both words mean 

‘made up of many different intricate and confusing aspects’. 

However, use COMPLEX when you mean ‘intricate’, 

and COMPLICATED when you mean ‘difficult to understand’.

 

Collins English Dictionary:

complexly adv

complexness n

Usage: 

Complex is sometimes wrongly used where complicated is meant. 

Complex is properly used to say only 

that something consists of several parts. 

It should not be used to say that, 

because something consists of many parts, 

it is difficult to understand or analyze.

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language: 

Synonyms: complex, complicated, intricate, involved, tangled

These adjectives mean 

having parts so interconnected 

as to hamper comprehension or perception of the whole. 

 

Complex implies a combination of many interwoven parts: 

The composer transformed a simple folk tune into a complex set of 

variations.

 

Complicated stresses a relationship of parts that affect 

each other in elaborate, often obscure ways: 

The party's complicated platform confused many voters. 

 

Intricate refers to a pattern of intertwining parts 

that is difficult to follow or analyze: 

"No one could soar into a more intricate labyrinth of refined 

phraseology" (Anthony Trollope).

 

Involved implies a close but confusing interconnection between many different parts: 

The movie's plot was criticized as being too involved.

 

Tangled strongly suggests the random twisting of many parts: 

"Oh, what a tangled web we weave, / When first we practice to 

deceive!" (Sir Walter Scott).

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Choose the Right Synonym for complex

Adjective

Complex, Complicated, Intricate, Involved, Knotty 

mean having confusingly interrelated parts.

Complex suggests the unavoidable result of a necessary combining 

and does not implya fault or failure.  

a complex recipe

Complicated applies to what offers great difficulty 

in understanding, solving, or explaining.  

complicated legal procedures 

Intricate suggests such interlacing of parts as to 

make it nearly impossible to follow or grasp them separately.  

an intricate web of deceit 

Involved implies extreme complication and often disorder.  a rambling, 

involved explanation

Knotty suggests complication and entanglement that make solution or understanding improbable.  

knotty ethical questions 

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

The Complex Origins of Complex

The word complex lives up to its name, 

as it contains multiple parts of speech and senses. 

It serves as an adjective, a noun, and, less commonly, as a verb. 

The verb use is the oldest of the three, 

with an original meaning of “to join or unite.” 

 

Complex comes from the Latin complecti, which 

means “to entwine around, to embrace,” 

a word that is based in part on plectere (“to braid”). 

 

English has a number of other words that 

can be traced to plectere, including perplex, plexus 

(“an intricately interwoven combination of elements or parts in a cohering structure”), 

and amplexus (“the mating embrace of some amphibians, 

such as frogs and toads”).

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Word History

A Brief History of 'Complicit'

It literally means 'folded together'

Languages depend upon patterns, 

both for forming words and for connecting them 

in ways that can be understood. 

 

We tend to notice unusual words like thrice, 

which is less frequently heard than twice, 

and “made-up” terms that we understand 

because they follow patterns a bit too far, 

like throuple (based on couple) or eleventy-first. 

Other words are transparently modeled on existing ones, 

like workaholic.

 

Following patterns is one of the ways that words are created, 

and in some cases 

we are more likely to recognize the pattern than the word itself:

 

Even if we’ve never encountered any of these verbs, 

the familiar forms make them easy to figure out. 

Such words were formed by a process known as back-formation,

by which a part of a longer word is removed 

to form a shorter word. 

 

Words created by back-formation 

often follow tried-and-true patterns, 

and many are unremarkable and transparent in meaning, 

even if they are rarely used (such as rabble rouse or flappable.

Others stand on their own and become frequently used words 

(unlike the oddballs cited above), like escalate or enthuse. Or complicit.

 

Complicit is a relatively recent addition to English vocabulary, 

arriving in the mid-1800s. 

It is a back-formation from complicity,

which came straight from the French word complicité in the 1600s. 

 

The oldest English word in this family 

is the now-obsolete complice (pronounced \KAHM-plus\)

—defined as “an associate or accomplice especially in crime”

—which dates back to the 1400s, 

when it came from French (the modern word in French for “accomplice” 

is still complice, pronounced \kohn-pleess\). 

These words ultimately derive from the Latin verb meaning 

“to fold together,” complicare, formed by combining com- 

(meaning “with,” “together,” or “jointly”) 

and the verb plicare, meaning “to fold.” 

Complicit literally means “folded together.”

 

Of course, “folded together” may be the literal meaning of this Latin root, but it has become the figurative meaning in the English word complicit: 

its definition “helping to commit a crime or do wrong in some way” 

is a description of individuals thick as thieves, 

with their motives and actions “folded together” metaphorically. 

Complicity and its cousins accomplice, complicitous,

and complice are all part of this gang.

 

Complicare is also the root word of another English word, 

one that expresses its etymological meaning 

more literally than figuratively: complicate. 

In this case, the idea of things “folded together” 

makes sense as an image of twists and turns of fabric. 

The -pli- of these words is from plicare (“to fold”), 

and is also the root of ply, the verb meaning “to twist together” 

or the noun meaning “one of several layers.”

 

Other words that derive from plicare are also illuminated by their etymologies: explicit is “unfolded” and implicit is “folded in.” 

 

When different building blocks of words 

like com-, ex-, and im- combine 

their respective meanings with a single root, 

each resulting word expresses a slightly different facet of 

the literal and figurative potential of language.

 

Whether we're adding or removing parts of words, 

when meanings are folded together, 

things can get, you know, complicated.