2021-05-19
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bad & badly
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง bad = ‘BAD’
ออกเสียง badly = ‘BAD-lee’
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR BAD
The adjective bad meaning
“unpleasant, unattractive, unfavorable, spoiled, etc.,”
is the usual form to follow such copulative verbs
as sound, smell, look, and taste:
After the rainstorm the water tasted bad.
The coach says the locker room smells bad.
After the copulativeverb feel, the adjective badly
in reference tophysical or emotional states
is also usedand is standard,
although bad ismore common in formal writing:
I feel bad from overeating.
She felt badly about her friend's misfortune.
When the adverbial use is required,
badly is standard with all verbs:
She reacted badly to the criticism.
Bad as an adverb appears mainlyin informal contexts:
I didn't do too bad on the tests.
He wants money so bad it hurts.
HISTORICALUSAGE OF BAD
The etymology of bad is obscure,
and the word has no relatives in other languages.
The Middle English form badde isnot clearly attested before 1300.
Badde may derive from Old English bæddel, bǽddel “hermaphrodite” and bædling “womanish man.”
Bad off, in standard English now badly off,
dates to the first half of the 18th century
(badly off dates to roughly the same time).
The colloquialism my bad!, an Americanism, dates from the early 1980s.
Bad in its slang sense “excellent, first-rate”
is surprisingly old, firstappearing in print in the 1890s.
It was then popularized in the 1920s withinthe jazz scene,
and is typically associated with Black English.
The slang sense “very tough, formidable”
also appeared in the 19th century; it oftenmeant “formidably skilled,”
which ties in with the “excellent, first-rate” meaning.
WHEN TO USE
What are other ways to say bad?
The adjective bad is a broad term
that can describe things that are not good in any manner,
or more pointedly, things or people
that havea wicked or evil character.
How is bad different from evil, wicked, and ill?
Find out on Thesaurus.com.
bad
It’s not the fanciest word,
but saying someone or something is bad
does make it clearer what you mean,
as do lousy, crummy, unpalatable and other words
people mean when they say interesting.
Wouldn’t you rather have someone
let you know that the restaurant they ate at
(where they got food poisoning) was bad instead of interesting?
While first evidence of the word can befound around 1200–1250,
no one is sure of its exact origin.
There’s some thought that it may be akin to the Old English word bæddel,
meaning “hermaphrodite” or bædling meaning “womanish man”
—neither of which, as we know today, arebad.
As we said, you don’t need to eliminate interesting
from your vocabulary altogether.
To keep things more interesting
—i.e., compelling/engaging/impressive
—however, the next time you go to use it,
take a second to consider if there may be a better choice.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Is It 'Feel Bad' or'Feel Badly'?
We feel good about answering this question
What to Know
Feel bad isthe grammatically correct version
when describing that you don't feel well physically or emotionally.
"Feel," like all other sense verbs,
can double as an action verb or a "linking verb,"
where it connects the subject with a clause describing the subject.
Something can "look delicious" butnot "look deliciously,"
and we "feel sad" and not "feel sadly."
Feel badly islikely heard often due to the adverbial use of "bad"
in examples like "it hurts badly."
"I feel so badly about correcting their grammar."
OR WAIT: "I feel so bad about correcting their grammar."
Which one is it?
Feel is a verb, so shouldn't what comes after it be
—and look like—an adverb?
The answer is: no.
Like 'be' or 'look', 'feel' is a linking verb.
That means that "I feel bad" is correct
—just like "I feel sad" (rather than "I feel sadly") or
"that looks delicious" (rather than "that looks deliciously").
Linking Verbs
Feel is a particular kind of verb called a linking verb.
(Another term for linking verb is copula or copulative verb.)
Linking verbs are not like regular action verbs.
They function only to connect the subject of a sentence or clause
with words that describe or identify that subject.
And those words are either
adjectives (or adjective phrases) or nouns (or noun phrases).
There area number of linking verbs in English,
among them be, become, seem,
and all of the sensory verbs:
smell, look, taste, sound, and feel.
And while each of these can also be used as an action verb,
it's easyto tell when they're being used as linking verbs,
as in these cases involvingthe sensory linking verbs:
Those pies smell delicious. NOT:
Those pies smell deliciously.
The pies look perfect. NOT:
The pies look perfectly.
The crust doesn't taste too sweet. NOT:
The crust doesn't taste too sweetly.
Their chewing sounds loud. NOT:
Their chewing sounds loudly.
I feel bad that you didn't get any pie. NOT:
I feel badly that you didn't get any pie.
Except let's stop atthat last one again because,
unlike the other "NOT" versions,
we do, in fact, hear and read it
—and often from people who know their way around an English sentence.
Why do People Say "Feel Badly?"
The common wisdom is that it's a case of "hypercorrection":
we apply a rule of grammar in a situation that isn't quite the right one,
and the result is a nonstandard linguistic form or construction.
In this particular case,
people who have learned to favor "it hurt badly" over "it hurt bad,"
and "need it badly" over "need it bad," use "feel badly"
because they assume it is similarly superior to "feel bad."
If this is the case, though,
why don't we also hear "I feel sadly" or "I feel angrily"?
And why don't we also hear constructions
like "smell awfully" and "look deliciously"?
As we said above,
most linking verbs can also be used as regular old action verbs.
Pies look delicious (where look is a linking verb),
but we can also look at pies (where look is an action verb).
Feel can also be an action verb,
and when it's functioning as an action verb
it's commonly followed by an adverb:
I feel strongly that the pies should be shared equally.
And that's where the goofy grammarian's joke about people
who feel badly being unable to experience tactile sensations
or being capable only of apathy comes from.
But some people make a considered distinction
between feel bad and feel badly,
choosing feel bad when feel isabout physical health
and feel badly when feel is about an emotional state.
Others switch them with just as much intention.
These uses are established enough that some dictionaries (including Merriam-Webster Unabridged) cover badly as an adjective;
it is, after all, following a linking verb.
There was a time, mostly in the 19th century
and mostly because bad was thought to only mean "somewhat evil,"
that people were advised to use feel badly
for both physical health and emotional states.
Modern advisers recommend feel bad in both contexts.
Interestingly, the same folks typically approve
the use of feel well to describe one's health
and feel good to sing along to James Brown.
Feel good is also approved for both.
Well and good are both adjectives in these cases.
Which is, of course, all well and good.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Badly
Donald Trump: “Who should I fire? Should I fire Maria?”
Cyndi Lauper: “I can’t…”
Donald Trump: “Why don’t you just say Maria?”
Cyndi Lauper: “Because I feel bad. She’s happy now…”
Donald Trump: “Badly. You feel badly.”
Cyndi Lauper: “Badly.”
— Donald Trump & Cyndi Lauper,
The Apprentice (television show), season 9, episode 7
About the Word:
Donald Trump is hardly the first person (or even the first politician)
to have difficulty in telling the difference
between when one should use bad and badly in describing how one feels.
He is, however, probably the first presidential candidate
who has made the regrettable decision
to correct someone who was actually using the correct form,
and while on national television.
In the 9th season of the show,
Trump took the opportunity to ‘correct’ Cyndi Lauper’s use of bad
(when describing how she felt) to badly.
However, it is entirely correct to say ‘I feel bad.’
The reason that Trump fell victim to this common hypercorrection
is that feel is a verb, and many people learned that
the word following a verb should be anadverb (badly),
rather than an adjective (bad).
But feel belongs to a class of words referred to
as linking (or 'copulative') verbs, which can be followed by an adjective.
This is why James Brown sang ‘I feel good,’
rather than ‘I feel well,’ or ‘I feel goodly.’
Definition:
: in a bad manner
: to a great or intense degree
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
bad′ness n.
Usage Note:
Bad is often used as an adverb in sentences
such as His tooth ached so bad he could not sleep.
This usage is common in informal speech
but is widely regarded as unacceptable in formal writing.
In our 2009 survey, 72 percent of the Usage Panel
rejected the sentence just quoted.
The use of badly with want and need was once considered incorrect,
since in these cases it means "very much"
rather than "in an inferior manner or condition" or "immorally."
But this use is widespread, even in formal contexts,
and is now considered standard.
The adverb badly is often used after verbs such as feel,
as in I felt badly about the whole affair.
This usage bears analogy to the use of other adverbs with feel,
such as strongly in We feel strongly about this issue.
Some people prefer to maintain a distinction
between feel badly and feel bad,
restricting the former to emotional distress
and using the latter to cover physical ailments;
however, this distinction is not universally observed,
so, feel badly should be used in a context that makes its meaning clear.
· Badly is used in some regions to mean "unwell,"
as in He was looking badly after the accident.
Poorly is also used in this way.
· Note that badly is required following look
when it modifies another word or phrase in the predicate,
as in The motorcycle looked badly in need of repair.
Our Living Language
Many people might have the impression that
the slang usage of bad to mean its opposite, "excellent,"
is a recent innovation of African American Vernacular English.
While the usage is of African American origin
and parallels to it are found in language use throughout the Caribbean,
the "good" use of bad has been recorded for over a century.
The first known example dates from 1897.
Even earlier, beginning in the 1850s,
the word appears in the sense
"formidable, very tough," as applied to persons.
Whether or not the two usages are related,
they both illustrate a favorite creative device of informal
and slang language
—using a word to mean the opposite of what it "really" means.
This is by no means uncommon;
people use words sarcastically
to mean the opposite of their actual meanings on a daily basis.
What is more unusual is for
such a usage to be generally accepted within a larger community.
Perhaps when the concepts are as basic as "good" and "bad"
this general acceptance is made easier.
A similar instance is the word uptight,
which in the 1960s enjoyed usage in the sense "excellent"
alongside its now-current, negative meaning of "tense."
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
bad′ness, n.
usage:
The adjective bad meaning “unpleasant, unattractive, spoiled, etc.,”
is the usual form to follow such copulative verbs
as sound, smell, look, and taste:
After the rainstorm the water tasted bad.
The locker room smells bad.
After the copulative verb feel,
the adjective badly in reference to physical or emotional states
is also used and is standard,
although bad is more common in formal writing.
bad as an adverb appears mainly in informal contexts.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Bad – badly
1. 'bad'
Something that is bad is unpleasant, harmful, or undesirable.
I have some very bad news.
Sugar is bad for your teeth.
The comparative and superlative forms of bad are worse and worst.
Her grades are getting worse and worse.
This is the worst day of my life.
2. 'badly'
Don't use 'bad' as an adverb.
Don't say, for example, 'They did bad in the elections'.
You say 'They did badly in the elections'.
I cut myself badly.
The room was so badly lit I couldn't see what I was doing.
When badly is used like this,
its comparative and superlative forms are worse and worst.
We played worse than in our previous match.
The south of England was the worst affected area.
Badly has another different meaning.
If you need or want something badly,
you need or want it very much.
I want this job so badly.
We badly need the money.
I am badly in need of advice.
For this meaning of badly,
don't use the comparative and superlative forms 'worse' and 'worst'.
Instead, you use the forms more badly and most badly.
She wanted to see him more badly than ever.
Basketball is the sport that most badly needs new players.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Bad & badly
Bad isan adjective, badly an adverb.
Despite this clear grammatical distinction,
people tend to say “I feel badly” about as often as
the more correct “I feel bad.”
In time, distinction between the forms may break down further,
but as of now “I feel bad” is preferable.
When the verb is to be modified, that is,
when one is referring to a sense of touch, or feel,
only badly is accurate:
the student learning braille might say “I feel badlythis morning.”
