2021-05-09 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – as per & as regards
2021-05-09
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – as per & as regards
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง as per = ‘as pur’
ออกเสียง regard = ‘ri-GAHRD’
Dictionary.com
USAGE NOTE FOR PER
Per for a or an or foreach
occurs chiefly in technical or statistical contexts:
miles per gallon;
work-hours per week;
feet per second;
gallons of beer per person per year.
It is also common in sports commentary:
He averaged 16 points per quarter.
Per is sometimes criticized in business writing
in the sense “according to” and is rare in literary writing.
USAGE NOTE FOR REGARD
Although sometimes considered
poor substitutes for about or concerning,
the phrases as regards, inregard to, and with regard to are standard
and occurin all varieties of spoken and written English,
especially in business writing:
As regards your letter of January 19. …
Note that
although inregards to and with regards to
are generally considered poor usage,
these less formal variants have become increasingly common.
Dictionary.com
Origins And Uses Of 8 Common Sign-Offs
It’s a writer’s world, if you think about it.
We text, email, and chat.
Every day we rely on the written word
to communicatewhat we’re thinking and feeling.
And everysingle one of those messages
gives us a chance to greet and say farewell to each other.
Do you favor a simple hello?
Do you sign off yours?
Have you grown tired of sincerely?
Do you know how to use regards?
Of course, not all messages require formal salutations and valedictions.
But for those that do,
it’s worth exploring the origins
and uses of our favorite sign-offs.
regards
The word regard comes to us from the Old French regarder
meaning "to look at."
This definition is still evident in its senses today,
which range
from "to look upon or think of with a particular feeling"
to "respect, esteem, or deference."
When used as a valediction,
regards is intended to indicate sentiments of esteem or affection,
and often follows kind, warm, or best.
Some consider variations
such as warm regards ideal for
conveying a balanced tone of friendly professionalism.
cheers
This term gained popularity in British English as a salutation
before drinking in the early 1900s,
but is now commonly used as a sign-off on both sides of the pond.
The word cheer entered English with the sense of "face,"
reflecting its Latin counterpart with the same meaning, cara.
Eventually it took on a metaphorical sense of "mood or mental condition," as reflected in the face, then gave way to senses of"gladness" and "joy."
Given the term's mirthful history,
this valediction is particularly apropos if the subject matter
of your correspondence is celebratory or congratulatory in nature.
cordially
When English speakers first started using the term cordially,
it carried a more impassioned sense than it does today.
Its earlier sense was "with the deepest feeling" or "heartily."
This reflects its Latin root word, cor, meaning "heart."
The word now conveys more of a congenial tone than a sentimental one,
but it registers as more formal
and old-fashioned than many of the terms on this list,
making it a less desirable option
for those who want to keep their correspondences breezy.
thanks
As a sign-off,
this simple expression of gratitude
offers a range of interpretations,
such as "thanks for your attention and time while reading this email"
or "thanks in advance for tending to the request that I outlined in this email."
The earliestsense of the word thank,
or panc as it appeared in Old English, was “thought.”
Some prefer to liven up this now-ubiquitous sign-off
with an exclamation mark (thanks!)
or by incorporating it into more effusive expressions
such as thanks so much.
sincerely
The earliestdefinition of sincere is "free of falseness."
It comes from the Latin sincerus meaning "clean, pure, untainted."
The adverbialform sincerely appeared as a valediction in letters
starting around 1700, and is still used as a sign-off
with a sense of "in earnest" or "genuinely."
Some suggest that this salutation is best suited for letters,
not emails, due to its formal tone.
best
This succinct sign-off appears to be a shortening of
a range of superlative expressions,
including all the best, best wishes, and my best,
all of which are expressions of goodwill.
The word best sharesan Old English root with the word boot
(as in to boot).
Some consider best to be
an abrupt and impersonal way to end a correspondence,
but others enjoy its brevity and upbeat tone.
yours
Variations on yours and yours truly
have been favored valedictions among writers
such as Charles Dickens, who signed letters to acquaintances
"heartily yours" and "faithfully yours,"
and Jane Austen, who famously ended letters between characters
in Pride and Prejudice with "Yours, etc."
Yours connotes a level of devotion
that might come off as too intimate for work-related correspondences but lends itself to a range of fun possibilities
for pairing with adverbs in personal contexts.
respectfully
Respectfully connotes a level of esteem for the recipientof the correspondence.
The base word, respect, comes from the Latin respectus,
which translates literally to "action of looking back."
In less formal correspondences,
pairing this term with yours in constructions
such as: yours respectfully can have the effect of personalizing
and softeningthe formal tone that the word evokes on its own.—
Dictionary.com
“With Regard to” vs. “With Regards to”
Recently a couple of readers wrote to Dictionary.com
with an issue they had with one of our slideshows from a few years ago.
They objected to the following sentence:
“Speakers tend to use [obviously]
… to emphasize their point with regards
to things that aren’t necessarily obvious …”
Our users told us that the phrases
with regards to and in regards to are incorrect,
and instead, they should be with regard to and in regard to
without the s.
Were our readers right about this correction?
Is “with regards” correct?
Yes and no.
Historically the phrases with regard to and in regard to
have been preferred,
with the variants with regards to and in regards to
being considered nonstandard or regional.
However, in recent years,
these once unfavored variants have risen drastically in usage,
especially in regards to,
which, according to our data, is used nearly twice as often as in regard to.
Before our users drew our attention to this grammar point,
we were unaware of it.
However, we’ve now added regard to our list of entries to be updated.
If you’re torn about which variant to use,
and you’re writing in an informal setting,
you could always use the abbreviation favored by
David Foster Wallace: w/r/t.
Which variant do you prefer?
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for regard
Verb
REGARD, RESPECT, ESTEEM, ADMIRE
mean to recognize the worth of a person orthing.
REGARD is a general term that is usually qualified.
he is highly regarded in the profession
RESPECT implies a considered evaluation or estimation.
after many years they came to respect her views
ESTEEM implies greater warmth of feeling accompanying a high valuation.
no citizen of the town was more highly esteemed
ADMIRE suggests usually enthusiastic appreciation and often deep affection.
a friend that I truly admire
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Using Per as a Preposition: Usage Guide
Preposition
Per occurs most frequently in business contexts;
its use outside such contexts is often criticized
but is quite widespread, especially in sense 2.
Its most common and natural nonbusiness uses
always involve figures,
usually in relation to price
$150 per performance,
automobiles
32 miles per gallon
55 miles per hour,
or sports.
averages 15 points and
9 rebounds per game
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Is It Grammatically Correct to Say as per?
Many wonder whether the as in as per is superfluous.
Wouldn’t the phrase “per your instructions”
mean much the same thing as
“as per your instructions?”
In that case, would it be incorrect to insert the extra word?
The fact is that
both per and as per have existed in English in the sense“according to”
for a very long time–since the 15th and 16th centuries, respectively.
The choice of which to use (or avoid) is entirely a matter of taste.
The more ponderous as per is often found in business and legalprose,
or in writing that attempts to adopt a formal tone.
It is not incorrect to use, but some find it overly legalistic
and counsel avoiding it for that reason.
On the other hand, it has been used to good effect
in facetious mock-business-English
(“as per the President’s shiny new Environmental Policy Act”).
As in so many matters of diction,
the tonal needs of a particular passage should guide your choice.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Regards
Usage Note:
Regard is traditionally used in the singular
in the phrase in regard (not in regards) to.
In our 2004 survey, barely six percent of the Usage Panel
accepted the phrase in regards to.
Slightly more than half the Panel found the syntactically peculiar
as regards acceptable in the sentence
These surveys show a high level of satisfaction with government policy among the elderly in the Scandinavian countries, especially as regards the medical services provided by the state.
Sixty-seven percent accepted in regard to in the same sentence.
The phrase with respect to is also standard in this use.
Many Panelists said that they would prefer regarding
over the other prepositions in these situations.
The similar prepositional use of respecting is controversial.
In our 2009 survey, 55 percent rejected the example
You must follow all regulations respecting the use of the park.
This usage has a somewhat old-fashioned ring to it
and probably should be avoided.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
Regards
usage:
The phrases as regards, in regard to, and with regard to
are standardand occur in all varieties of spoken and written English,
esp. in business writing:
As regards your letter of January 19…
However, these phrases are sometimes regarded
as unwieldy substitutes for about or concerning,
which may be easily substituted if desired.
and with regards to are widely rejected as errors.
usage:
per meaning “for each”
occurschiefly in technical or statistical contexts:
miles per gallon; cost per person.
It is also common in sports commentary:
16 points per quarter.
A or an is often considered more suitable in nontechnical use.
per or as per meaning
“according to” is sometimes criticized and is rare in edited writing.
West's Encyclopedia of American Law, edition 2.
As Per
A phrase commonly recognized
to mean
"in accordance with the terms of"
a particular document
—such as a contract, deed, or affidavit
—or "as authorized by the contract."
Collins COBUILD English Usage
regard
If you regard someone or something
as a particular thing,
you believe that they are that thing.
I regard it as one of my masterpieces.
Kenworthy did not regard himself as an expert on language.
You can also say that someone or something
is regarded as being a particular thing
or is regarded as having a particular quality.
The play was regarded as being of mixed merits.
The couple are regarded as having one of the strongest marriages in showbiz.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
As per& in accordance with
“Enclosed is the shipment of #2 toggle bolts as per your order of June 14”
writes the businessman,
unaware thatnot only is the “as” redundant,
he is sounding very old-fashioned and pretentious.
The meaning is “in accordance with,”
or“in response to the request made”;
butit is better to avoid these cumbersome substitutesaltogether:
“Enclosed is the shipment of bolts you ordered June 14."
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
as per & as regards
As per is an overworked business expression
for in accordance with or according to.
Often the expression itself, as well as its less-tired equivalents,
is not need at all.
As regardsis a wordy and overworked expression
for concerningor about.
It is an example of jargon and should be avoided.
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