2021-05-08
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – as
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง as = ‘AZ’ unstressed ‘uhz’
Dictionary.com &
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary
USAGENOTE FOR AS
As a conjunction, one sense of as is “because”:
As she was bored, Sue left the room.
As also has an equally common use in the sense “while, when”:
As the parade passed by, the crowd cheered and applauded.
These two senses sometimes result in ambiguity:
As the gates were closed, he walked away. (When? Because?)
As … as is standard in both positive and negativeconstructions:
The fleet was as widely scattered then as it had been at the start of the conflict.
Foreign service is not as attractive as it once was.
So … as is sometimes used in negative constructions
(… not soattractive as it once was)
and in questions (“What is so rare as a day in June?” ).
The phrase as far as generally introduces a clause:
As far asmoney is concerned, the council has exhausted all its resources.
In some informal speechand writing,
as far as is treated as a preposition
and followed onlyby an object:
As far as money, the council has exhausted all its resources.
As to as a compound preposition has long beenstandard
though occasionally criticized
as a vague substitutefor about, of, on, or concerning:
We were undecided as to our destination.
As to sometimes occurs at the beginning of a sentence,
where it introduces an element
that would otherwise have less emphasis:
As to his salary, that too will be reviewed.
As to what and as to whether
are sometimes considered redundant
but have long been standard:
an argument as to what department was responsible.
See also all, farther, like1, so1
Dictionary.com
WHEN TO USE
What are other ways to say as?
The conjunction as means “since” or “because,”
but it is not used in exactly the same way as the latter.
How is as differentfrom because, since, for, and inasmuch as?
Find outon Thesaurus.com.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Like vs. as: Usage Guide
Conjunction
Like has been used as a conjunction in ways similar to as
since the 14th century. In the 14th, 15th, and 16th centuries
it was used in serious literature, but not often; in the 17th and 18th centuries it grew more frequent but less literary.
It became markedly more frequent in literary use again in the 19th century.
By mid-century it was coming under critical fire,
but not from grammarians, oddly enough, who were wrangling over whether it could be called a preposition or not.
There is no doubt that, after 600 years of use,
conjunctive like is firmly established.
It has been used by many prestigious literary figures of the past,
though perhaps not in their most elevated works;
in modern useit may be found in literature, journalism, and scholarly writing.
While the present objection to it is perhaps more heated than rational, someone writing in a formal prose style may well prefer
to use as, as if, such as, or an entirely different construction instead.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
As
Usage Note:
Your mother is just as proud as me,
said the father to the child with good grades.
Butshould he have said, Your mother is just as proud as I?
As with similar constructions using than,
a traditional rule states that
the pronoun following as ... as ...
constructions must be in the nominative case
because She is just as proud as I
is really a truncated version of the sentence
She is just as proud as I am.
Another way to view this situation
is to say that the second as
functionsas a conjunction, not as a preposition, in these sentences.
Whatever the merits of this logic,
the as me construction is very common in speech
and appears regularly in the writing of highly respected writers.
Moreover, it can be argued that
the second as is really a preposition in these constructions
and so, requires the objective case.
There is the further objection that
as I constructions are overly formal, and even pretentious.
In short, both constructions are defensible, and both are subject to attack.
The safe bet is to include the final verb to make a clause:
She is just as proud as I am.
In many dialects, people use as in place of that in sentences
like We are not sure as we want to go
or It's not certain as he left.
Butthis use of as is limited mostly to speaking,
and it will likely seem inappropriate in formal writing.
Some nonstandard varieties of American English
differ from the standard language
in the form and usage of relative pronouns.
Where Standard English has three relative pronouns
—who, which, and that
—regional dialects, particularly those of the South and Midlands, allow as and what as relative pronouns:
"They like nothing better than the job of leading off a young feller like you, as ain't never been away from home much"
(Stephen Crane, The Red Badge of Courage).
The car what hit him never stopped.
When as expressesa causal relation,
it should be preceded by a comma,
as in She won't be coming, as we didn't invite her.
When as expresses a time relation,
it is not preceded by a comma:
She was finishing the painting as I walked into the room.
When an as-clausebegins a sentence,
it may be necessary to make clear
whether as is used to mean "because" or "at the same time that."
The sentence
As they were leaving, I walked to the door may mean either
"I walked to the door because they were leaving" or
"I walked to the door at the same time that they were leaving."
As is sometimes used after verbs
like consider, deem, and account,
as in:
The paintings are considered as masterpieces in their home country.
The measure was deemed as unnecessary.
This usage may have arisen by analogy to the long-established
use of as after regard and esteem in standard contexts:
We regarded her as the best writer among us.
In our 2009 survey, however, more than 80 percent of the Usage Panel rejected sentences in which as followed consider in this way,
including the sentence just quoted.
These constructions bear the stigma of redundancy
and should be avoided in careful writing.
See Usage Notes at because, equal, like2, so1.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
as
1. used in time clauses
If something happens as something else happens,
it happens while the other thing is happening.
She cried as she told her story.
The play started as I got there.
You also use as to say that something is done
whenever something happens.
Parts are replaced as they grow old.
Be Careful!
Don't use 'as' simply to mean 'at the time that'.
For example,
don't say'As I started work here, the pay was £20 an hour'.
You say'When I started work here, the pay was £20 an hour'.
See when
2. meaning 'because'
As is often used to mean 'because' or 'since'.
She bought herself an iron as she felt she couldn't keep borrowing Anne's.
As he had been up since 4 a.m. he was now very tired.
See because
3. used with adjectives
You can use as in front of an adjective
to say how someoneor something is regarded or described.
They regarded manual work as degrading.
His teachers described him as brilliant.
Be Careful!
Don't use 'as' after comparative adjectives.
Don't say, for example, 'The trees are taller as the church'.
You say'The trees are taller than the church'.
She was much older than me.
4. used in prepositional phrases
You can also use as inprepositional phrases
to say how someone or something
is regarded, described, treated, or used.
Pluto was originally classified as a planet.
I treated business as a game.
I wanted to use him as an agent.
You can alsouse as in prepositional phrases
to saywhat role or function someone or something has.
He worked as a clerk.
Bleach acts as an antiseptic.
5. used in comparisons
In writing, as is sometimes used to compare one action to another.
He looked over his shoulder as Jack had done.
She pushed him, as she had pushed her son.
Like and the way are used in a similar way.
Be Careful!
You don't usually use 'as' in front of a noun phrase
when you are comparingone thing or person to another.
Don'tsay, for example, 'She sang as a bird'.
You say'She sang like a bird'.
He swam like a fish.
I am a worker like him.
Be Careful!
However,
you can make a comparison
using as, anadjective or adverb, and another as.
For example,
you can say 'You're just as bad as your sister'.
For more information, see as ... as
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Like – as – way
1. used as conjunctions
You can use like, as, or the way as conjunctions
when you are comparingone person's behaviour or appearance to another's.
In the clause which follows the conjunction, the verb is usually do.
For example,
you can say 'He walked to work every day, like his father had done', '
He walked to work every day, as his father had done', or
'He walked to work every day, the way his father had done'.
I never behave like she does.
They were people who spoke and thought as he did.
Start lending things, the way people did in the war.
2. used as prepositions
Like and as can be prepositions,
but their meaning is not usually the same.
For example, if you do something like a particular kind of person,
you do it the way that kind of person would do it,
although you are not that kind of person.
We worked like slaves.
If you dosomething as a particular kind of person,
you are that kind of person.
Over the summer she worked as a waitress.
I can only speak as a married man without children.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
as
One of the most usefuland most overworked words in the language,
as isa proper conjunction and adverb
essential to good idiomatic English.
As a conjunction, however,
as is usually weaker (less effective) than since, because, and when,
each of which is more exact:”
Since (preferablynot as) it was snowing, we stayed indoors.”
As is often used for a more specific that or whether:
“I don’t say that(not as) he was right.”
“I doubt whether(not as) he was correct.”
As isincorrectly used for who in a sentence such as
“Those as we have no tickets are out of luck”
and for whomor that in “The car hit the man as I had just spoken to.”
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
as … as & so … as
In negative comparisons,
unusually careful writers and speakers prefer so … as to as … as:
“Tom is not so talkative as his sister.”
But as … as is in reputable use,
although the term is not considered quite so correct as “so … as.”
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
as a whole & on the whole.
These two phrasesare trite through overuse
and should usually be avoided.
If you do use them,
notethat
as a whole applies to a group
but not necessarily to individuals;
on the whole means “for the most part,” “in general.”
“As a whole, our salesmen get much credit and attention, but some salesmen are low in prestige and income.”
“On the whole, the storm did little damage.”
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
as good as
This expression indicates comparison:
This suit is as good as that one.”
But it is a wordy substitutefor practically
in sentence such as “He as good as promised to go”
and “This suit is as good as new.”
