2021-01-01
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – Rich & wealthy & affluent
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Rich = ‘RICH’
ออกเสียง wealthy = ‘WEL-thee’
ออกเสียง affluent = ‘AF-loo-uhnt’ or often ‘uh-FLOO-uhnt’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR RICH
Rich, wealthy, affluent
all indicate abundance of possessions.
Rich is the general word;
it may imply that possessions are newly acquired:
an oilman who became rich overnight.
Wealthy suggests permanence, stability, and appropriate surroundings:
a wealthy banker.
Affluent usually suggests a generous amount of income,
with a high standard of living and some social prestige and privilege:
an affluent family.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
affluent
= wealthy:
The countess was quite affluent.;
abundant; flowing freely
Not to be confused with:
effluent = to flow out; an outflow of waste:
The effluent from the broken sewer pipe was foul smelling.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
af′flu·ent·ly adv.
Usage Note:
The pronunciation of affluent with stress on the first syllable
is the widely accepted pronunciation,
and the preferred form of 85 percent of the Usage Panel in our 2015 survey.
The pronunciation with stress on the second syllable is acceptable
to only a third of the Panel, but it is common enough to be considered
a standard variant pronunciation.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for rich
Adjective
RICH, WEALTHY, AFFLUENT, OPULENT
mean having goods, property, and money in abundance.
RICH implies having more than enough to gratify normal needs or desires. became rich through shrewd investing
WEALTHY stresses the possession of property and intrinsically valuable things. wealthy landowners
AFFLUENT suggests prosperity and an increasing wealth.
an affluent society
OPULENT suggests lavish expenditure and display of great wealth,
more often applying to things than people.
an opulent mansion
Choose the Right Synonym for wealthy
RICH, WEALTHY, AFFLUENT, OPULENT
mean having goods, property, and moneyin abundance.
RICH implies having more than enough to gratify normal needs or desires. became rich through shrewd investing
WEALTHY stresses the possession of property and intrinsically valuable things. wealthy landowners
AFFLUENT suggests prosperity and an increasing wealth.
an affluent society
OPULENT suggests lavish expenditure and display of great wealth, more often applying to things than people. an opulent mansion
Choose the Right Synonym for affluent
Adjective
RICH, WEALTHY, AFFLUENT, OPULENT
mean having goods, property, and moneyin abundance.
RICH implies having more than enough to gratify normal needs or desires. became rich through shrewd investing
WEALTHY stresses the possession of property and intrinsically valuable things. wealthy landowners
AFFLUENT suggests prosperity and an increasing wealth.
an affluent society
OPULENT suggests lavish expenditure and display of great wealth,
more often applying to things than people. an opulent mansion
Did You Know?
Affluent Adjective
Are your coffers overflowing?
Is your cash flow more than adequate?
Are your assets fluid?
If so, you can consider yourself affluent.
Affluent is all about flow
—that is to say, it's based on the Latin word for "flow,"
which is fluere.
(Some other fluere descendants are confluence, fluctuate, fluid, influence, mellifluous, and superfluous.)
The older sense of affluent refers, both literally and figuratively,
to an abundant flow, as in "an affluent fountain" or "affluent joy."
The use of "affluent fortune" foran abundant flow of money
is what likely led to the use of affluent as a synonym of wealthy.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
'Rich'
A statement by billionaire Tom Steyer,
in which he said that he does not see himselfas rich,
drew a certain amount of attention (and somedegree of derision).
The oldest meaning of rich is "having abundant possessions
and especially material wealth,"
but, as with so many other words in English,
the word has a number of other possible meanings.
Among these are "pure or nearly pure,"
"having a strong fragrance," and "laughable."
As apolitical observers we have no position as to
which is most semantically applicable to Steyer;
as a descriptive reference work
we would lean toward "having abundant possessions."
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words We're Watching
'Affluvia': Words We're Watching
The waste produced by the rich
What does affluvia mean?
Affluvia is a combination of affluent and effluvia,
referring to the waste produced by the rich.
Where did affluvia come from?
Effluvium is a technical word for “waste” or “waste product.”
It comes from the Latin word for “flowing,”
and often means “an invisible emanation”
such as an offensive exhalation or smell.
The related word effluent can mean “flowing out” or “waste material,”
and is a cousin of affluent,meaning “wealthy.”
They are both formed from the Latin verb fluere
meaning “to flow.”
Effluent comes from combining ex- with fluere (“flowingfrom”)
and affluent comes from combing ad- with fluere (“flowing toward”).
The plural of effluvium is effluvia,
which is used in contexts like these:
For the last few weeks
we in Ben Rhydding have been inhaling a noxious effluvia
arising from an open drain, which has had a most deleterious effect
upon the health of visitors and residentsalike.
—Ilkley Gazette (UK), 26 September 1893
How is affluvia used?
The iclose relationship between the related words
effluent and affluent allows for a bit of wordplay
at the expense of the wealthy with the coinage of affluvia,
meaning either “the waste produced by the rich,”
or “wasteful wealthy people,”
as in this example:
Gone are the "affluvia", those charter-jet-flying, Aspen-skiing, 911 GT2 driving, bespoke-Birkin clutching creatures of the credit boom. Even masstige is threatened. In their place is "enoughism" aspractised by the "frugalista"
—Andrew Cornell, Australian Financial Review, 6 February 2009
Only time will tell if this word catches on, but it has the advantage of etymological logic.
One potential problem with widespread acceptance is confusion:
effluvia is spelled affluvia in many texts.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Trend Watch
Affluenza
Yes, it's a real word
Lookups for affluenza spiked on April 13,
following the news that Ethan Couch,
the teenager who used a so-called affluenza defense
after killing four people while driving drunk,
has been sentenced to nearly two years in jail.
Couch first made headlines in 2013
when his defense attorney suggested that
the privileged circumstances of his upbringing
resulted in an inability to distinguishbetween right and wrong.
Affluenza is defined in Merriam-Webster’s Unabridged
as “the unhealthy and unwelcome
psychological and social effects of affluence
regarded especially as a widespread societal problem.”
The word was not coined at Couch’s trial;
it has been in English use throughout much of the 20th century.
Initially it was employed in a jocular fashion, as in an article from the Houston Post in 1918:
“It is not the sneezing of the Spanish influenza that Liberty needs, but a little more ‘coughing’ on the part of American affluenza.”
By the 1970s the word came to be used more specifically in the sense defined above.
Affluenza is a portmanteau, a blend of affluent and influenza:
two words with Latin origins.
Affluent comes from a word meaning"flowing with, abundant."
The origin of influenza, from the word for "influence,"
reflects the ancient belief that epidemics were influenced by the stars.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Rich & wealthy & affluent
These words mean “having an abundance of possessions,”
“amply supplied with funds, resources, or means,”
“of great value or worth”:
“This is a rich (or wealthy or affluent) country.”
Words related to these three
are opulent, moneyed, and well-to-do.
Rich, the most generally usedof these terms,
is more likely than the other two
to suggest newly acquired possessions (nouveau riche)
and is often used enviously or disparagingly:
“That person is rich in worldly goods but poor in control of his own emotions.”
Wealthy implies a permanence or stabilitynot suggested by rich
and also is applicable to characteristics and personalitytraits:
“He comes from an established family that is wealthy in material possessions and in concern for the needs of those less fortunate.”
Affluent, rarely used, applies tosomeone with a large income,
usually an income spent freely:
“She is an obviously affluent member of the international Jet set.”
