2020-12-19 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R

2020-12-19

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – real & really

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง real – Adj. = ‘REE-uhl’ & Noun = ‘rey-AHL’

ออกเสียง – Adv. really = ‘REE-uh-lee’ or ‘REE-lee’

Verb – really = ‘ree—uh-LAHY’

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree

Real = true; existing;

actual: the real reason

Not to be confused with:

reel = winding device;

a spool; a dance: danced the Virginia Reel

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR REAL

Real, actual, true

in general use describe objects, persons, experiences, etc.,

that are what they are said or purportto be.

That which is described as real

is genuine as opposed to counterfeit, false, or merely supposed:

a real emerald; real leather binding;

My real ambition is to be a dentist.

Actual usually stresses contrastwith another state of affairs

that has been proposed or suggested:

The actual cost is much less; to conceal one's actual motive.

True implies a perfect correspondence with actuality

and is in direct contrast to that which is falseor inaccurate:

a true account of the events; not bravado but true courage.

See Also Synonyms at authentic.

Collins COBUILD English Usage

real

Real is used to say that something actually exists.

...real or imagined feelings of inferiority.

Robert squealed in mock terror, then in real pain.

You also use real to say that a substance or object

is genuine and not artificial.

I would never wear real fur.

Rudolph couldn't tell whether the jewellery was real or not.

Some American speakers use real in front of an adjective or adverb

for emphasis when speaking informally.

That suit looks real nice.

I'm being looked after real well.

This use is generally regarded as incorrect,

both in British and American English.

Instead of 'real', you should use really.

It was really good.

He did it really carefully.

See really

Collins COBUILD English Usage

really

You use really in conversationand in less formal writing

to emphasize something that you are saying.

Really usually goes in front of a verb,

or in front of an adjective or adverb.

I really enjoyed that.

It was really good.

He did it really carefully.

You can put really in front ofor after an auxiliary verb.

For example,

you can say 'He really is coming' or'He is really coming'.

There is no difference in meaning.

We really are expecting it to be a best-seller.

It would really be too much trouble.

Be Careful!

'Really' is not usually used in formal writing.

Words such as very or extremely are usually used instead.

You can say 'Really?' to show that

you are surprised by something that someone has said.

'I think he likes you.' – 'Really? He hardly spoke to me all day.'

Collins English Dictionary

Usage:

In strict usage adverbs of degree

such as really, too, quite, very, and extremely

are used only to qualify adjectives:

he is really happy; she is very sad.

By this rule,

these words should not be used to qualify past participles

that follow the verb to be,

since they would then be technically qualifying verbs.

With the exception of certain participles,

such as tired or disappointed,

that have come to be regarded as adjectives,

all other past participles are qualified by adverbs

such as much, greatly, seriously, or excessively:

he has been much (not really) inconvenienced;

she has been excessively (not too) criticized

Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary

Real & really

The correct adverbial form is “really”

rather than “real”;

but even that form is generally confined to casualspeech,

as in “When you complimented me on my speech, I felt reallygreat!”

To say “real great” instead

moves the speaker several steps downscale socially.

However “really” is a feeble qualifier.

“Wonderful” is an acceptable substitute for “really great”

and you can give a definite upscale slant to your speech

by adopting the British “reallyquite wonderful.”

Usually, however, it is better to replace the expression

altogether with something more precise:

“almost seven feet tall” is better than“really tall.”

To strive for intensity by repeating “really”

as in “that dessert you made was really, reallygood”

demonstrates an impoverished vocabulary.

Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary

real

WHICH WORD?

(low priority) real / true

There is a difference between real and true

in their main meanings.

Something that is real actually existsor happens

and is not imagined:

Was it real or was it a dream?

Something is true if it agrees with the known facts and is not invented:

Is the news true? * a movie based on a true story.

In some other meanings, both words can be used.

For example,

you can use either real or true

to talk about what is actually the case

when this is different from what appears to be the case:

Tell me the real reason why he resigned.

He seems quiet but reveals his true character on the football field.

You can also use either word to talk about an example of something that has all the important qualities it should have:

She was his first real girlfriend.

This job will be a true test of the new system.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Like literally,

very and really retaintheir original meanings

but have added another.

Very came to English from the French spoken by the Norman invaders,

and the 13th-century word for “true” was verai,

which compressed to vrai in modern French.

The ultimate Latin root is verus, meaning “true.”

We still use very to mean “truly” or “truthfully”

(“that was a very brave act,” “I’m very sorry”),

but it frequently conveys emphasisfor

which truth is neitherparticularly important nor in doubt

(“the very last thing I packed,” “you’re very welcome,”

“the food isn’t very good”).

It’s an intensifier—a word that colors another

but that, in this case, has little color itself.

The same is true of really:

sometimes it means “in reality” (“they really are twins”)

but it often confers simple emphasis (“I had a really great time”)

or subjective judgment (“that’s a really good play”)

that doesn’t depend on objective realness or reality.

Ultimately originally meant “finally” or “at the end”

(“they ultimately succeeded”)

reflecting its Latin root ultimatus meaning“last” or “final,”

but is now also often used to mean “eventually”

(“we ultimately agreed to the deal”).

Actually originally meant “in act or in fact”

(“I don’t know what actually happened”)

but is much weaker in meaning

when it is used to emphasize that a statement is true or surprising

(“we actually planned to leave early,”

“the movie was actually pretty good”).

Sometimes it seems as though

literally is held to an adverbial double standard

that makes many people question the validity of its use as an intensifier,

whereas other words with similar patterns of usage

seem to pass without criticism.

While it’s important to be careful about language use,

it’s also important to acknowledge that language is flexible

and words can have several different meanings.

Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary

Real usage

Most handbooks consider the adverb real

to be informal and more suitable to speechthan writing.

Our evidence shows these observations to be true in the main,

but real is becoming more common in writing of an informal, conversational style.

It is used as an intensifier only

and is not interchangeable with reallyexcept in that use.

Dictionary.com

USAGE NOTE FOR REAL

The intensifying adverb real, meaning “very,” is informal

and limited to speech or to written representations of speech:

He drives a real beat-up old car.

The adjective real meaning “true, actual, genuine, etc.,”

is standard in all types of speech and writing:

Their real reasons for objecting became clear in the discussion.

The informal adjective sense “absolute, complete”

is also limited to speech or representations of speech:

These interruptions are a real bother.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Words We're Watching

Are You 'For Reals?'

This article is definitely 'for reals.

What does it mean when a young person says that a thing is "for reals"?

Is it the same as "for real"?

And if so, why the additional S?

Does this apparently superfluous letterserve a useful role,

or is it simply there to indicate something along the lines of "YES!!!

I placed a needless letter at the end of a word,

and I did it expressly to taunt you!

You envy and resent my youth in equal measure,

and have resorted to telling people younger than you

that their playful language is emblematic of a decline in society.

Nevertheless, I shrug off your concerns

and have changed the phrase for real to for reals."

Not exactly, but maybe not too far off either.

No one can really say why the teen in your life is using the phrase,

but though for reals is not yet entered in our dictionary,

it is a Word We're Watching, and you should be watching it too.

The use of for reals appears to have begun within the last several decades.

There are many theories about where this pairing of words originated (California surfers, people in New Mexico, certain movies, rappers, etc.), none of which have yet established their parentage in definite fashion.

Although it may be used as in interjection

(indicating approval or assent)

for reals also appears to frequently carry the same meaning

as one of the intended meanings of for real.

1. In earnest ("we are fighting for real")
2. Genuine ("is that acceptance letter for real?")
3. Genuinely good or capable of success ("we're not yet sure if this team is for real")

For real has been in use since at least the early 20th century.

I'm going to cut myself from the sordid atmosphere my rich and idle husband has plunged me into. I'm going to WORK, for real, this time.
—Tampa Tribune (Tampa, FL), 7 Nov. 1926

Paulie Walker, who will fight Young Terry at Dunn Field, Thursday night, broke the silence of his training activities yesterday with a loud boast that he will knock out Terry "for real this time."

—Trenton Evening Times (Trenton, NJ), 8 Aug. 1937

It should be noted that for reals is not the first way

that we've added something unnecessary to the end of the word real.

For realsies has enjoyed a certain degree of currency over the past number of decades.

However, before for realsies was firmly established,

realsies was used by itself; the initial use of the word,

while still dealing with aspects of reality,

was focused on a somewhat different meaning than

is commonly intended today.

Miss Rollins, looking slicker than when she appeared briefly in Miami last winter, had no trouble keeping the crowd in stitches. She's a tall blonde, wearing a gown that hangs about as low as the law will allow, revealing the Rollins realsies to full advantage.

—Herb Rau, The Miami News (Miami, FL), 29 Dec. 1950

Delicious Miss Hawkins, now singing at the Copacabana, informed me that having a good figure of the kind that Monsieur loathes is even important in peddling records....Al Bernie the comedian, has gone so far as to say that Miss Hawkins "has realsies."

—Earl Wilson, Pittsburgh Post-Gazette, 6 Aug. 1954

This sense of realsies appears to have been coined in response to

the already extant use of the word falsie

("an artificial addition to a bodily part worn to enhance appearance;

specifically: a breast-shaped usually fabric or rubber cup used to pad a brassiere").

For a week the girls will compete in various phases of the contest. And the final judgment on beauty must be on the up and up—no "falsies" or padding in the bathing suit is allowed.—Jefferson City Post-Tribune (Jefferson City, MO), 6 Sept. 1942

However, it did not take long for realsies to find itself paired with for, and to become used in senses that matched the various uses of for real.

The quarter basso at Gay 90s, Charles Emmet, looks like Jerry Colona here lately and it is for realsies....—Don Steele, The Oakland Tribune (Oakland, CA), 18 Aug. 1954

Torme happened to be present because he is the headline, lead-off star come tonight when the fun starts at Fack's II for realsies. —Don Steele, The Oakland Tribune (Oakland, CA), 27 Jun. 1956

In blue jeans, a T-shirt and jacket, her dark hair hidden by a red wool cap, she is a dressed-down goddess, 5-feet-9 and long-legged. Synthetic, she isn't. She's for realsies.—Dallas Morning News, 3 Mar. 1975

By the 1980s for reals was beginning to creep into print.

But as my 6-year-old would put it, this thing is "for reals."

—Michael Oriard, The Oregonian (Portland, OR), 7 Oct. 1987

The word has not been greeted with much enthusiasm.

As characters exchange platitudes and burp cliches, the director, Gene Rhee (who also co-wrote), reveals a clouded eye and a tin ear. Or maybe he just has a lot of friends who actually say "for reals."—Jeannette Catsoulis, The New York Times, 27 Feb. 2009

We will continue monitoring the use and spread of for reals,

and should it meet the criteria for inclusion,

will open space for it in our dictionary.

This is the point at which we remind you that widespread approval of a new word is not a prerequisite for its adoption into a language (or a dictionary). For reals.

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

real & really

Although real can be a noun (Is this for real?),

it is regularly used as an adjective

meaning “true,” “actual,” “genuine,” and “sincere”:

“What is the real reason for your laughter?”

“This is a story of real life.”

“That looks like a real ruby.”

“They formed a real friendship.”

Really is an adverb

meaning “truly,” “actually,” “in reality,” “genuinely,” and “indeed”:

“This is how things really are,”

“She is a really lovely girl.”

Really, is that your whole story?

Really should be used to modify verbs, adjectives, and other adverbs

(really ill, really fast, really moving).

Real should be used to modify only nounsand pronouns

(real gems, the real him)

and should not be used in expressions

such as “real soon,” “real pretty,” and “real excited.”

“Really and truly is grammatically correct but wordy and trite; use really or truly but not both in the same expression.

2020-12-19 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด R – real & really

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