2020-11-19
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด O – ON & on to / on account of & on an average of & on the part of
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้องนี้ เป็นไปตามมาตรฐานการใช้ภาษา
การใช้คำอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง ON = ‘ON’ or ‘AWN’
Dictionary.com
“On line” vs. “In line”: Which Do You Say?
Some people find it easy to tell
if someone is from New York or New Jersey
the moment they meet them
—all they have to do is start chatting!
And if the New Yorker’s accent isn’t animmediate giveaway,
the phrase on line usually is.
In many states across the country, it’s all the same:
people stand in line at the grocery store,
wait in line at the pharmacy,
and get in line for school drop-off.
But certain East Coasters don’t do any of these things in line
and instead only wait on lines.
Which of these different prepositions iscorrect in this phrase?
Well, both phrases are regionalisms … butlet’s take a closer look.
What does line mean?
As a noun, the word line has many meanings,
including “a mark or stroke long in proportion that’s drawn on a surface,” as well as “a row or series” of something.
In mathematics, it can also be defined as
“a continuous extent of length, straight or curved, without breadth or thickness; the trace of a moving point.”
Line can refer to a range of things,
from “wrinkles” and “a property border”
to the “verse in a poem or words for an actor to memorize.”
Line also means “a number of persons standing one behind the other
and waiting their turns at or for something;
queue,” which is the definition most relevant to this debate.
As a verb, line can refer totaking a position in a line,
like lining up.
In baseball it can mean to hit a line drive or to line out.
Line was first recorded before 1000 and develops from the Middle English word line or ligne, meaning “cord, rope, stroke, series, guiding rule.” Via French, line is ultimately derived from the Latin word līneus, which means “flaxen” and originally applied to string.
Is there a difference between on and in?
On and in in this case are both prepositions
or words used before the noun
line to express a spatial relationship.
On as a preposition is defined as“to be or remain supported by
or suspended from” or “to be attached to orunified with.”
For example: I put the box on the table and hung the sign on the door.
In on the other hand as a preposition is used
“to indicate inclusion within a space, a place, or limits.”
Or, it can also be used
“to indicate inclusion within something more abstract “
or “during a certain time.”
For example:
she goes skiing in the winter or he works in pharmaceutical sales.
In can also be used to indicate
purpose (in honor of the event),
motion or direction (she walked in the house), and
transition from one state to the other (break in half).
Both in line and on line may sound correct to us
because both on and in form unique words when combined with line.
Online can be used when something is operating from
or connected to a computer or is done through a computer, like online shopping.
Then there’s in-line skate, which is a roller skate that typically has four wheels in a straight line similar to an ice-skate’s blade.
But when it comes down to waiting on line versus in line,
the distinction is regional.
According to Google Ngram, in line is used considerably more often than on line. In the 2003, the Harvard Dialect Survey reported 88 percent of respondents nationwide use in line. In New York, on line and “both sound equally good” were popular responses as well (24 percent and 18 percent, respectively), and in line dipped to 57 percent.
Just like people from different regions debatetheir preferences for tennis shoes or sneakers, pop or soda, y’all or you guys, garbage can or trash can, we have regionalisms to thank for on line and in line.
Neither one is correct or incorrect.
American Heritage Dictionary
On
USAGE NOTE:
To indicate motion toward a position,
both on and onto can be used:
The cat jumped on the table. The cat jumped onto the table.
Onto is more specific, however,
in indicating that the motion was initiated from an outside point.
He wandered onto the battlefield means that he beganhis wandering at some point off the battlefield.
He wandered on the battlefield may mean that his wandering began on the battlefield.
In constructions where on is an adverb attached toa verb,
it should not be joined with to to form the singleword onto:
move on to (not onto) new subjects;
hold on to (not onto) our gains.
In their uses to indicate spatial relations,
on and upon are often interchangeable:
It was resting on (or upon) two supports.
She took it on (or upon) herself to finish the project.
We saw a finch light on (or upon) a bough.
To indicate a relation between two things,
however, instead of between an action andan end point,
upon cannot always be used:
Hand me the book on (not upon) the table.
It was the only town on (not upon) the main line.
Similarly, upon cannot always be used in place of on
when the relation is not spatial:
He wrote a book on (not upon) alchemy.
She will be here on (not upon) Tuesday.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
Usage Note:
Both on and onto can be used to indicate motion toward a position:
The cat jumped on the table or
The cat jumped onto the table.
However, onto is morespecific,
indicating that the motion was initiated from an outside point.
They wandered onto the battlefield means that they began their wandering at some point off the battlefield,
while They wandered on the battlefield implies that the wandering began on the battlefield.
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Although you can do things on purpose, you dothem by accident.
ONTO/ON TO
“Onto” and “on to” are often interchangeable,
but not always.
Consider the effect created by wrongly using “onto”
in the following sentence when “on to” is meant:
“We’re having hors d’oeuvres in the garden, and for dinner moving onto the house.”
If the “on” is part of an expression like“moving on”
it can’t be shoved together with a “to” that justhappens to follow it.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
on
1. used for saying where something is
On is usually a preposition.
You use on to say where someone or something is
by mentioning the object or surface that isunder them.
When I came back, she was sitting on the stairs.
There was a photograph of a beautiful girl on Deepak's desk.
On is used in some other ways to say where someone or something is.
For example,
you use it to mention an area of land where someone works or lives, such as a farm, building site, or housing estate.
He briefly worked on a building site in Seoul.
You also use on to mention an island where something exists or happens.
She lives on a Caribbean island.
See in (for a common way of saying where something is),
at (for a common way of saying where something is)
2. used for saying where something goes
You can use on to say where someone or something falls or is put.
He fell on the floor.
I put a hand on his shoulder.
Onto is used in a similar way.
See onto
You use on after get to say that someone enters a bus, train, or ship.
George got on the bus with us.
For more information, see go into - get into - get on
3. used for talking about time
You say that something happens on a particular day or date.
She came to see the play on the following Friday.
Caro was born on April 10th.
You can sometimes use on to say that one thing happens immediately after another.
For example, if something happens on someone's arrival, it happens immediately after they arrive.
'It's so unfair,' Clarissa said on her return.
4. used as an adverb
On is sometimes an adverb, usually showingthat something continues to happen or be done.
She walked on, silently thinking.
I flew on to California.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
onto
You usually use the preposition onto
to say where someone or something falls or is put.
He fell down onto the floor.
Place the bread onto a large piece of clean white cloth.
After many verbs you can use either onto or on with the same meaning.
I fell with a crash onto the road.
He fell on the floor with a thud.
She poured some shampoo onto my hair.
Carlo poured ketchup on the beans.
However, after verbs meaning climb or lift
you should use onto, rather than 'on'.
She climbed up onto his knee.
The little boy was helped onto the piano stool.
If you hold onto something, you put your hand round it or against it
in order to avoid falling.
After verbs meaning hold,
you use onto as a preposition and on as an adverb.
She had to hold onto the edge of the table.
I couldn't put up my umbrella and hold on at the same time.
We were both hanging onto the side of the boat.
He had to hang on to avoid being washed overboard.
Onto is sometimes written as two words on to.
She sank on to a chair.
BRITISH DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS FOR ONTO
USAGE FOR ONTO
Onto is now generally accepted as a word in its own right.
On to is still used, however,
where on is considered to be part of the verb:
he moved on to a different town as contrasted
with he jumped onto the stage
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
On / onto/ to & on account of & on an average of & on the part of
Onto and on are sometimes used interchangeably,
but onto more strongly suggests movement toward something.
“The dog jumped on the table” may mean that he was already on the table, jumping.”
“The dog jumped onto the table” clearly indicates that he leaped to the table from somewhere else.
In construction where on is an adverb and to a preposition,
write and pronounce them as separate words:
“We then moved on to the next building.”
‘on account of’
This is a wordy phrase,
especially when, as often happens, it iscombined with cause or due to:
“The cause of his absent was on account of hisillness.”
Remove the deadwood: “The cause of his absent was illness.”
‘On the average of’
From this phrase one can usually drop on.
“We sell on an average of one dozen every day” does not need on.
‘on the part of’
This is a wordy way to say by, for and among.
Either by or among, for example, can replace on the part of in
“There was no objection on the part of many of those present.”
