2020-11-13
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด N - Never & ever
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Never = ‘NEV-er’
ออกเสียง ever = ‘EV-er’
COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY
USAGE FOR NEVER
In informal speech and writing,
never can be used instead of not with the simple past tenses of certain verbs for emphasis
(I never said that; I never realized how clever he was),
but this usage should be avoided in seriouswriting
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Never
1. uses
You use never to say that something did not, does not, or will not
happen at any time.
She never asked him to lend her any money.
I will never give up.
Be Careful!
Don't use 'do' in front of never.
Don't say, for example, 'He does never write to me'.
Say 'He never writes to me'.
He never complains.
He never speaks to you, does he?
Be Careful!
You don't usually use another negative word with 'never'.
Don't say, for example, 'I haven't never been there' or 'They never said nothing'.
Say 'I have never been there' or 'They never said anything'.
It was an experience I will never forget.
I've never seen anything like it.
Be Careful!
Similarly, don't use 'never' if the subject of a clause is a negative word such as nothing or no one.
Instead use ever. You say, for example, 'Nothing will ever happen'.
Don't say 'Nothing will never happen'.
Nothing ever changes.
No one will ever know.
2. position in clause
If you are not using an auxiliary verb or modal,
you put never in front of the verb, unlessthe verb is be.
He never allowed himself to lose control.
They never take risks.
- If the verb is be, you usually put never after it.
The road by the river was never quiet.
- If you are using an auxiliary verb or modal, you put never after it.
I have never known a year quite like this.
My husband says he will never retire.
- If you are using more than one auxiliary verb or modal, you put never after the first one.
He said he had never been arrested.
The answer to this question might never be known.
- If you are using an auxiliary verb on its own, you put never in front of it.
I do not want to marry you. I never did. I never will.
- In stories, never is sometimes put first for emphasis, followed by an auxiliary verb and the subject of the clause.
Never had Dixon been so glad to see Margaret.
Never had two hours gone so slowly.
3. 'never' with an imperative
You can use never with an imperative instead of'do not'.
You do this when you want to emphasize that something should not be done at any time.
Never attempt to do this without a safety net.
Never use your credit card as personal identification.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
ever
1. 'ever'
Ever is used in negative sentences, questions, and comparisons
to mean 'at any time in the past' or 'at any time in the future'.
Neither of us had ever skied.
I don't think I'll ever be homesick here.
Have you ever played football?
I'm happier than I've ever been.
2. 'yet'
Don't use ever in questions or negative sentences
to ask whether an expected event has happened,
or to say that it has not happened so far.
Don't say, for example, 'Has the taxi arrived ever?' or 'The taxi has not arrived ever'. The word you use is yet.
Have you had your lunch yet?
It isn't dark yet.
See yet
3. 'always'
Don't use ever in positive sentences to say that there was never a time when something was not true.
Don't say, for example, 'I've ever been happy here'. Use always.
She was always in a hurry.
Talking to Harold always cheered her up.
See always
4. 'still'
Don't use ever to say that something is continuing to happen.
Don't say, for example, 'When we left, it was ever raining'.
Use still.
Unemployment is still falling.
I'm still a student.
See still
5. 'ever since'
If something has been true ever since a particular time,
it has been true all the time from then until now.
'How long have you lived here?' – 'Ever since I was married.'
We have been good friends ever since.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
Should You Never Use Adverbs?
And if so, what about 'never'?
The adverb has been subjected to more than its fair share of questionable rules over the centuries. As far back as the beginning of the 19th century, writers were warned to not place an adverb between a verb and the word to, an admonition which, oddly enough, still has some currency today.
Similarly, the poor sentence adverb (“an adverb that limits or describes the meaning of an entire statement rather than just a single word or phrase”) has been objected toby numerous usage guides and writing authorities.
The most recent objection to the adverb is perhaps the most drastic one that this part of speech has ever experienced, for rather than regulate the position of the word within the sentence this advice seeks to, as much as possible, remove it completely.
Never use adverbs.
Never use passive verbs.
Use nouns very sparingly.
— Melvin Maddocks, The Christian Science Monitor, 13 Jun. 1977
Use words that give a clear picture; use adjectives and adverbs sparingly.
— Beverly Stokes and Richard A Hatch,
Primary Principles of Good Letter Writing Found in Business Communication Texts (in The ABCA Bulletin), 1 Mar. 1975
Elmore Leonard lives by precise writing rules -- some of which fly in the face of custom. Several of his maxims: Never use adverbs. ”They're unnecessary over-writing, and they slow the story.”
— Anthony Wilson-Smith, Maclean’s (Toronto, Can.), 29 Mar. 1999
We're uncertain as to the precise nature of hurt inflicted on these writing coaches by the adverb, but have doubts that it warrantsthe complete removal of this part of speech. The anti-adverb movementseems to appear wide-spreadly in print in the 1970s, although it doubtless began before then. It is initially found in guides to proper newspaper writing, a field in which brevity and the lack of unnecessary words may serve the writer and reader well. Additionally, Stephen King and Elmore Leonard, well-beloved novelists who have given writing advice, both abhorred the adverb, often rather stridently, and their abhorrence has helped solidify the idea that we should avoid words ending in -ly.
Of course, not all adverbs end with -ly.
Many of our most common adverbs,
such as much, very, and otherwise, eschew this ending.
And even though adverb contains the word verb,
it may modify many other parts of speech,
such as other adverbs, adjectives, and phrases.
The adverb is a useful and multifaceted creature, and not merely a word ending with -ly that clogs up prose withunnecessary modifications of verbs.
This defense of the adverb should not be taken as a jeremiad against writing advice.
Plenty of writers do use adverbs in an awkward or superfluous fashion.
And plenty of writing guides give reasonable adviceon adverbs (suggesting, for instance, that adverbs not be usedto attempt to shore up a weak-sounding verb, or as a means of avoiding repetition).
We would suggest that if you feel the need to inveigh against the adverb,
it might make sense to not do so by using adverbs
such as sparingly or never in your advice.
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Never & ever
Never means
“at no time whatsoever,” “not ever,” “on no occasion,” “in no way”:
“I will never learn to keep quiet.”
“Never mind, I’ll help you.”
Ever has a meaning exactly opposite those of never:
“Ever since then, I have been careful.”
“He is ever alert to the needs of others.”
Ever should be used rather than neverin negative statements:
“Nobody ever (not never) said that to me before.”
Ever should also be usedas an alternative to a negative:
“I refused to help him, not then or ever.”
Never is used as the alternative to an affirmative idea:
“Seldom or never (not ever) have I seen anything like this.”
“When if precedes, either ever or never may be used.:
“If ever I see you again!”
“If I never see you again!”
