2020-10-30
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด L - Lightening & lightning
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ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Lightening = ‘LAHYT-n-ing’
ออกเสียง lightning = ‘LAHYT-ning’
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
lightening
becoming lighter or brighter:
The sky began lightening as the storm passed.
Not to be confused with:
lightning – a brilliant electric discharge in the sky:
The dark sky was pierced by lightning.
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms. US Department of Defense 2005.
lightening
The operation (normally carried out at anchor)
of transferring crude oil cargo from a large tanker to a smaller tanker,
so reducing the draft of the larger tanker to enable it to enter port.
The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, Second Edition
light·ning (līt′nĭng)
A flash of light in the sky
caused by an electrical discharge between clouds
or between a cloud and the Earth's surface.
The flash heats the air and usually causesthunder.
Lightning may appear as a jagged streak, a bright sheet,
or, in rare cases, a glowing red ball.
Did You Know?
The energy within a bolt of lightning
is so great that it heats the air around it to temperatures
up to five times greater than that of the surface of the sun,
or 55,000°F (30,000°C).
The rapid expansion of this superheated air
is what creates the sounds we call thunder.
The sounds travel to us more slowly than the light from lightning,
so it is possible to estimate how far away a lightning strike is
by timing the gap between when you see the lightning
and when you hear the thunder it has produced.
Count the seconds from when you see the flash
until you hear the thunder,
and divide this number by five.
The result will be the number of miles
you are from the point of the strike.
THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® SCIENCE DICTIONARY
A CLOSER LOOK at lightning
As storm clouds develop,
the temperature at the top of the cloud becomes
much cooler than that at the bottom.
For reasons that scientists still do notunderstand,
this temperature difference
results in the accumulation
of negatively charged particles near the base
and positively charged particles near the topof the storm cloud.
The negatively charged particles repel the electrons of atoms in nearby objects,
such as the bases of other storm clouds or tall objects on the ground. Consequently, these nearby objects take ona positive charge.
The difference in charge, or voltage,
builds until an electric current starts to flow between the objects along a pathway of charged atoms in the air.
The current flow heats up the air to such a degree that it glows, generating lightning.
Initially, a bolt of lightning carrying a negative charge darts from one storm cloud to another or from a storm cloud to the ground,
leaving the bottom of the cloud with a positive charge.
In response, a second bolt (reverse lightning) shoots in the opposite direction (from the other storm cloud or the ground)
as the mass of negative charges on it moves backto neutralize the positive charge on the bottom of the first cloud.
The heat generated by the lightning
causes the air to expand, in turn
creating very large sound waves, or thunder.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Lightning
Lightning and lightening are related words that both strike English in the 14th century.
The bolt in lightning bolt and thunderbolt is from an Old English word related to Old High German bolz, meaning "crossbow arrow," and, perhaps, Lithuanian beldėti, "to knock or beat." You might also be familiar with the collocation "a stroke of lightning."
Both bolt and stroke, in reference to lightning, light up in the English language during the 1500s, along with flash,
as in "flash of lightning," which is believed to be of onomatopoeic origin.
The experiment proposed by Mr. Franklin, to prove that lightning and the electrical fire are the same, has often been repeated with success both in England and abroad; so that the most noted electrical experiments have been performed by fire drawn from the clouds.
— Ebenezer McFait, "Observations on Thunder and Electricity" in Essays and Observations, Physical and Literary, 1754
The word lightning itself refers to a brief but intense luminous phenomenon that is caused by an electrical discharge within clouds, between clouds, between clouds an air, or from clouds to ground.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for lighten
Verb (2)
RELIEVE, ALLEVIATE, LIGHTEN, ASSUAGE, MITIGATE, ALLAY
mean to make something less grievous.
RELIEVE implies a lifting of enough of a burden to make it tolerable. took an aspirin to relieve the pain
ALLEVIATE implies temporary or partial lessening of pain or distress. the lotion alleviated the itching
LIGHTEN implies reducing a burdensome or depressing weight. good news would lighten our worries
ASSUAGE implies softening or sweetening what is harsh or disagreeable. ocean breezes assuaged the intense heat
MITIGATE suggests a moderating or countering of the effect of something violent or painful. the need to mitigate barbaric laws
ALLAY implies an effective calming or soothing of fears or alarms. allayed their fears
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Lightening & Lightning
Lightening means “making lighter in weight,” “lessening.”
Lightning is an electrical discharge.
“By lightening the load, we can travel faster.”
“What is your opinion of the story about Ben Franklin and lightning?”
