2020-10-13
151224-3 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด H -– Homicide & manslaughter & murder
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา
การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Homicide = ‘HOM-uh-sahyd’ or ‘HOH-muh sahyd’
ออกเสียง manslaughter = ‘MAN-slaw-ter’
ออกเสียง murder = ‘MUR-der’
Dictionary.com
Manslaughter vs. Murder:
Differences In Intent And Degree
How can a person cause the death of another without the act being considered a murder?
In US law, it can come down to differences between manslaughter and murder
—which comes down to differences in intent and degree.
What does manslaughter mean?
Manslaughter, simply defined, is
“the unlawful killing of a human being without malice aforethought.”
US law designates two types of manslaughter: voluntary and involuntary.
Let’s break these two terms down.
Voluntary manslaughter vs. involuntary manslaughter
Voluntary manslaughter can refer towhen the accused kills a person,
but is deemed to have been provoked by the victim,
as during the “heat of passion” during an altercation.
Involuntary manslaughter generally applies where death is the unintentional (involuntary) consequence of the actions of the accused. Reckless driving,
as while texting or after drinking,
for instance, can result in the death of other people,
but the driver didn’t first set out on the road with deliberate intentto harm them
—and so may be considered involuntary manslaughter.
How is murder defined?
Murder is “the killing of another human being under conditions specifically covered in law.”
US law also distinguishes between two major types, or degrees, of murder:
first-degree (murder one) and second-degree (murder two).
First-degree murder vs. second-degree murder
First-degree murder involves the planning(premeditation) of the act
or killing that happens when another crime is being committed
Second-degree murder involves the intentto murder someone,
but the murder didn’t take place with deliberation or premeditation beforehand.
Let’s say someone got into a major verbal fight with a neighbor and got so angry,
they grabbed a gun and shot the person dead. This incident involves intent to kill but not as a result of planning the murder ahead of time.
What is third-degree murder?
Three states—Florida, Minnesota, and Pennsylvania
—currently further divide murders into a third degree.
The laws vary,
but third-degree murder in these states can include felony murders
(a killing treated as a murder because, though unintended, it occurred during the commission or attempted commission of a felony, as robbery);
most states classify felony murders as first-degree murders.
Third-degree murders can also be homicides that occur as a result to indifference to human life (sometimes referred to as depraved-heart murders).
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Trend Watch
Manslaughter
When the trial of Michael Jackson's doctor resumed.
When:
Lookups spiked on October 17, 2011.
Why:
"Involuntary manslaughter," the charge against Michael Jackson's doctor,
Conrad Murray, received a lot of attention this week as the doctor's trial resumed.
Murray is accused of improperly administering the anesthetic drug Propofol that killed the pop icon. The defense team is expected to argue that the dose given to Jackson was too small to cause death.
Manslaughter is "the crime of killing a person without intending to do so."
It's a lesser crime than murder, which implies deliberate killing.
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
Homicide murder, manslaughter
The general term for the killing of a person by another is homicide;
murder is either the intentional killing orthe malicious killing of another,
while manslaughter is the unintentional, accidental killing of another through carelessness.
See also related terms for slaughter.
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
slaughter
- fatstock - Livestock fattened for slaughter.
- massacre - Comes from Latin mazacrium/masacrium, "slaughter."
- slaughter - From Old Norse, meaning "butcher's meat."
- homicide, murder, manslaughter - The general term for the killing of a person by another is homicide; murder is either the intentional killing or the malicious killing of another, while manslaughter is the unintentional, accidental killing of another through carelessness.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for murder
Verb
KILL, SLAY, MURDER, ASSASSINATE, DISPATCH, EXECUTE
mean to deprive of life.
KILL merely states the fact of death caused by an agency in any manner. killed in an accident frost killed the plants
SLAY is a chiefly literary term implying deliberateness and violence but not necessarily motive. slew thousands of the Philistines
MURDER specifically implies stealth and motive and premeditation and therefore full moral responsibility. convicted of murdering a rival
ASSASSINATE applies to deliberate killing openly or secretly often for political motives. terrorists assassinated the Senator
DISPATCH stresses quickness and directness in putting to death. dispatched the sentry with one bullet
EXECUTE stresses putting to death as a legal penalty. executed by lethal gas
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Homicide & manslaughter & murder
Homicide, the killing of one human being by another,
is a general term that includes manslaughter are Murder.
Homicide and manslaughter are synonym in general use,
although, in legal terms, manslaughter is referred to
as the unlawful killing of a human being without premeditated (aforethought) intent.
Murder is the killing of a person with malice aforethought.
Special statutory definitions and degrees of murder are common in the United States. The killing of someone, whether accidental or planned, is homicide:
an accidental death from a traffic occurrence is homicide.
Some legal jurisdictions would hold that a traffic death caused by caused by careless driving would be manslaughter
but one resulting from the fault of the victim would be homicide.
Murder is generally a killing planned aheadand committed with deliberated intent.
