กลยุทธ์การอ่านจับใจความสำคัญ (Skimming for Main Ideas)
Skimming คือ การอ่านอย่างรวดเร็วเพื่อจับใจความสำคัญ (Main Ideas) ของสิ่งที่อ่านโดยนักเรียนไม่มุ่งหวังที่จะทราบรายละเอียดของเนื้อเรื่อง การอ่านประเภทนี้มักได้แก่ การอ่านบทความจากหนังสือพิมพ์ นิตยสาร วารสาร (ตามแผงหรือร้านขายหนังสือ) และนวนิยาย การอ่านด้วยวิธีนี้ไม่จำเป็นต้องอ่านทุกคำหรือทุกประโยคแต่จะจับใจความเฉพาะคำสำคัญ (Key words) ที่จะบอกให้รู้เนื้อเรื่องที่อ่านทั้งหมดเกี่ยวกับอะไร (What is it all about?)
กลยุทธ์ในอ่านแบบSkimming
1. อ่าน 2 – 3 ประโยคแรก และประโยคสุดท้ายสุดท้ายของย่อหน้าแรกแล้วถามตัวเองว่าเนื้อเรื่องที่อ่านเกี่ยวกับอะไร
2. อ่านเฉพาะตัวสำคัญ (Key words) ซึ่งมักจะอยู่ตอนต้นหรือตอนท้ายของแต่ละย่อหน้า ที่ช่วยสนับสนุนให้
Example
คำตอบ
เมื่อผู้อ่านอ่านที่ประโยคแรกหรือตอนต้นของข้อความแล้ว จะพบว่าประโยคแรกก็ คือ Topic sentence นั่นเอง ดังนั้นนักเรียนสามารถบอกหัวเรื่อง (Topic)และใจความสำคัญ(Main Idea ) ได้โดยไม่ต้องอ่านรายละเอียด (detail) แต่อย่างใด กล่าว คือ
Topic sentense: Their are several different kinds of classes on collage and university campuses.
Topic : Kinds of classes
Main Idea : Their are several different kinds of classes.
Read the following paragraphs and tell where the main idea is located. Circle your answers.
1.
Despite the hatred that most people feel toward cockroaches, they do help humans in several ways. For example, they are perfect experimental animals and are used for scientific research in the laboratory. Breeding them is easy, for they thrive under almost any conditions. In studies on nutrition and food, cockroaches are good subjects because they will eat any kind of food. They can be used to study heart disease, and cancer researchers work with cockroaches because they grow cancerous tumors like those that are found in humans.
a. in the first sentence
b. in the last sentence
c. in the middle of the paragraph
d. not stated in the paragraph directly (implied)
2.
About 300 million years ago, long before dinosaurs ruled the earth, the cockroach already had been here for a long time. We can only guess at why it has not become extinct, but the physical assets of the cockroach provide a major reason for its survival. The cockroach’s body is very flat, allowing it to slip into tiny cracks and crevices, and its six strong running legs give it unmatched powers of escape. Two small feelers detect movements and changes in air currents, thus warning the insect of approaching danger. The cockroach’s two large eyes are made up of hundreds of tiny, separate eyes which are very good for seeing movements - an ability that helps a roach escape its enemies.
a. in the first sentence b. in the last sentence
c. in the middle of the paragraph d. not stated in the paragraph directly (implied)
3.
Making a study schedule is one important step in becoming a successful student in college. Students should schedule one hour of study time for every one hour of class time. At exam time, more study time may be necessary. Also, students must study in an appropriate place. It is important to study in a quiet place away from the distraction of other people and such things as the television and the radio. Students should find a comfortable place with plenty of space for all the necessary study supplies. Then, students need to study the information in small amounts. It is a good idea to learn the required concepts slowly and thoroughly instead of trying to learn everything on the evening before the exam. Students who want to be successful in college should remember these three helpful study strategies.
a. in the first sentence
b. in the last sentence.
c. in the middle of the paragraph
d. not stated in the paragraph directly (implied)
4.
Every game from the latest multimedia games to old favorites like cards and chess can be played on home computers. Home computers are used to balance family finances, to complete banking transactions, and even to do the grocery shopping. Those computers which are equipped with a modem allow users to go “online” to “chat” with others—that is, people can have a conversation on the computer about anything from being in love to getting medical advice. And of course students use home computers to type up school reports, to research their papers for classes and even to do the calculations for math homework.
a. in the first sentence
b. in the last sentence
c. in the middle of the paragraph
d. not stated in the paragraph directly (implied) .
5.
Television can be an excellent teacher for everyone from very young children to the oldest of viewers. Television entertains young children with sights and songs. Television provides company for older viewers who are stuck at home with no one to talk to. New immigrants can learn English just by turning on the television. All viewers can keep informed on the latest events around the world by watching the news. While there are many great things about television, there are also many bad things. Over time, television shows have begun to show more and more violence, death and murder. The bad language and profanity on some shows make them unsuitable for families. The number of shows which deal with sex outside of marriage also shocks many viewers. And these terrible scenes are sometimes copied by young, impressionable viewers.
a.the first sentence
b. in the last sentence
c. in the middle of the paragraph.
d. not stated in the paragraph directly (implied)
Exercise 6
Select the stated main idea in the following passages. Underline it..
2.
Many parents tend to think of day-care centers as breeding grounds for colds. But new research suggests that children in day-care centers appear to develop immunityto many ofthe viruses responsible for the common cold. An article published in the Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine found that children ages 6 to 11 who had been enrolled at large day-care centers as toddlers had about one-third as many colds as children who had stayed home as toddlers. Dr. Thomas Ball, one of the authors of the study, says that when children have colds as toddlers, their immune systems are learning from these experiences, and this learning will come back to protect children later in life. Such news should be reassuring to parents whose preschool children are in daycare.
3.
The treatment of eating disorders is complex and demanding. The initial physical care for a person with anorexia most often begins with hospitalization. In addition, drug therapy to decrease hyperactivity and stimulate appetite is often used. Behavioral modification, including eating contracts, is used, as is psychotherapy in both individual and group sessions. Nutritional and family counseling complete the therapy.
(adapted from D. Hahn and W. Payne, Focus on Health)
4.
Sexuality is a common topic for humor in England. In the United States, sexual jokes are also popular. However, in China and Israel, they are almost nonexistent. Israeli humor is described as aggressive humor, humor that reflects the instability of its people’s lives because of war. The French are also known to enjoy aggressive humor, by playfully making fun of others.Clearly, a nation’s humor reflects its people’s live.
(adapted from D. Hahn and W. Payne, Focus on Health)
