2023-0ึึ7-02 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด M - Mad - angry

Revision M

 

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Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง mad = ‘MAD’

ออกเสียง angry = ‘ANG-gree’

Chiefly New England and Midland U.S. = inflamed,

as a sore; exhibiting inflammation.

 

NECTEC’s Lexitron-2 Dictionary

ให้คำแปลmad = Adj. วิกลจริต /โง่มาก /โกรธจัด

ให้คำแปล angry = Adj. โกรธ/พายุแรง/อักเสบ

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

mad

Mad is informal when combined with about or over

to indicate enthusiasm (mad about football),

It is slang when used to mean “unusual” or “pointless”

(mad conversation)

and “gay” or “frantic” (a mad dash for the train).

“Like mad” is slang for “wildly” (driving like mad),

“To have a mad on” is slang for “to sulk,” “to be angry.”

“Mad as a hatter” is a hackneyed expression.

 

Dictionary.com

SYNONYM STUDY FOR MAD

Mad, crazy, insane are used to characterize

wildly impractical or foolish ideas, actions, etc.

 

Mad suggests senselessness and excess:

The scheme of buying the bridge was absolutely mad.

 

In informal usage, crazy suggests recklessness and impracticality:

a crazy young couple.

 

Insane is used with some opprobrium (แปลว่า การตำหนิ)

to express unsoundness and possible harmfulness:

The new traffic system is simply insane.

Dictionary.com

USAGE NOTE FOR MAD

Mad meaning “enraged, angry” has been used since 1400,

and this sense is a very common one.

Because some teachers and usage critics insist that

the only correct meaning of mad is “mentally disturbed, insane,”

mad is often replaced by angry in formal contexts:

The president is angry at Congress for overriding his veto.

COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY

USAGE FOR ANGRY

It was formerly considered incorrect 

to talk about being angry at a person, 

but this use is now acceptable

Collins COBUILD English Usage

angry

Angry is normally used to talk about 

someone's mood or feelings on a particular occasion.

If someone is often angry,

you can describe them as bad-tempered.

Are you angry with me for some reason?

She's a bad-tempered young lady.

 

If someone is very angry, you can describe them as furious.

Senior police officers are furious at the blunder.

 

If they are less angry,

you can describe them as annoyed or irritated.

The Premier looked annoyed but calm.

...a man irritated by the barking of his neighbour's dog.

 

Typically, someone is irritated by something

because it happens constantly or continually.

If someone is often irritated, you can describe them as irritable.

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language

an′gri·ly adv.

an′gri·ness n.

Synonyms: angry, furious, indignant, 

irate, ireful, mad, wrathful

These adjectives mean 

feeling or showing marked displeasure:

an angry retort;

a furious scowl;

an indignant denial;

irate protesters;

ireful words;

mad at a friend;

a wrathful tyrant.

 

Dictionary.com

HISTORICAL USAGE OF MAD

The history of mad is complicated both in form and in meaning.

 

In form mad goes back to Old English gemǣd 

“troubled in mind, demented,” 

the past participle of an unrecorded verb gemǣdan 

“to madden, make foolish,” a derivative of the adjective gemād 

(also mād ) “unreasoning, foolish, mad.”

 

The Old English forms are from the Germanic adjective gamaidaz “changed for the worse, abnormal.” 

The element maid- in gamaidaz is from Proto-Indo-European moi-, a variant of the root mei-, moi- “to change, exchange, go, move,” extended with a dental suffix ( -d in Germanic, -t elsewhere).

The same suffixed variant moit- appears in Latin mūtāre 

“to change, exchange, give and receive in exchange.” 

Sicilian Greek (therefore likely to be influenced by Latin) 

has the noun moîtos “thanks, favor, reward,” 

which is possibly a borrowing from Old Latin moitus.

 

The progression of senses of mad starts with its original sense 

in Old English, “troubled in mind, demented.” 

The senses “rabid (dog),” “foolish or unwise,” 

and “overcome by desire or eagerness” are all recorded from around 1300. 

Mad in the sense “enraged, angry” arose after about 1400. 

This sense of mad is the usual colloquial term in the United States (the British are more likely to use angry ) 

and has been condemned by the arbiters of usage 

since the late-18th century. 

The sense “wildly lively, merry” is an Americanism, 

associated with jazz and African Americans, 

and dates to the early 1940s.

 

like mad (initially, for mad ) is quite old, from the 14th century. 

We take it today to mean “with great haste or energy,”

but the original meaning was more literal:

“in the manner of one who is mad.”

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Word History

Can 'Mad' Mean 'Angry'?

People have complained about it since 1781,

but there's no historical basis for the complaint

 

The principal meanings of mad, “crazy,” “foolish,” “enthusiastic,” 

and “angry,” all date back to the 1300s

—so far back in the history of the English language 

that it’s difficult to tell which one came first.

Knowing for sure which meaning came first 

would allow us to plot the progress of the word:

did the “angry” meaning derive from the “crazy” meaning,

or was it the other way around? We may never know.

 

In British English today, 

a statement like “He must be mad”

is understood to mean “He must be crazy.”

 

Nevertheless, even given this shared history,

one particular meaning has often been criticized.

 

Using mad to mean “angry” has been controversial:

as far back as 1781, this use was described as

“not found in any accurate writer, nor used by any good speaker.”

 

British critics who disliked the usage labeled it an Americanism

—the kiss of death for a British commentator on English usage.

 

If it could ever be said that a single meaning of a word 

had an inferiority complex, it could be said of mad.

 

But mad meaning “angry” does, in fact, have an English pedigree:

 

Books on English in the early 1900s called this use “careless,” 

but in fact there never was a reason for stigmatizing mad 

meaning “angry”—like so many usage controversies,

this one was made up by people 

who confused their own taste with the way language actually works.

 

It's fine to use mad to mean "angry"

—even if doing so makes some people mad.

 

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary

usage: 

Mad has been used in the meaning “enraged, angry” since 1300. 

Because this sense is sometimes criticized,

mad is often replaced by angry in formal contexts:

The president is angry at Congress for overriding his veto.

 

Collins COBUILD English Usage

mad

1. 'mad'

In conversation and informal writing,

people often describe a foolish action or idea as mad.

Camping in winter was a mad idea.

You would be mad to refuse such a great offer.

In conversation, mad is sometimes used to mean 'angry'.

If you are mad at someone, you are angry with them.

When she told him she wouldn't go, he got mad.

My parents were mad at me for waking them up so early.

 

2. 'mad about'

If you are mad about something that has happened, 

you are angry about it.

He's really mad about being lied to.

In conversation, you can say that someone is mad about an activity,

when they like it very much.

Her daughter is mad about dancing.

The whole family is mad about football.

 

3. mental illness

If someone has a mental illness 

that makes them behave in strange ways, 

don't say that they are 'mad'. 

You should use the phrase mentally ill.

She spent time in hospital when she was mentally ill.

The drug is used to treat mentally ill patients.