2023-06-13 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด L – Lay - Lie
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Lay = ‘LEY’
ออกเสียง Lie = ‘LAHY’
NECTEC’s Lexitron-2 Dictionary
ให้คำแปล Lay = vt. วาง ปู พาด กำหนด ตั้ง วางแผน
ให้คำแปล Lie = n. คำโกหก ที่สัตว์ซ่อนตัว
vt. โกหก ตั้งอยู่
ให้คำแปล PREVARICATE = vt. พูดกลีบกลอก เลี่ยงพูดความจริง
ให้คำแปล EQUIVOCATE = syn. With prevaricate
ให้คำแปล PALTER = vt. พูดต่่อรอง ไม่จริงใจ
ให้คำแปล FIB = vt. โกหกเล็กๆน้อยๆ
Merrium-Webster Dictionary
explain using of DOOZY a British Slang
for the difference between Lay - Lie
and Dictionary.com gave meaning
Doozy = something - extraordinay
also Doozer
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Lay & lie
You lay down the book you’ve been reading,
but you lie down when you go to bed.
In the present tense,
if the subject is acting on some other object,
it’s “lay.”
If the subject is lying down, then it’s “lie.”
This distinction is often not made in informal speech,
partly because in the past tense the words sound much more alike:
“He lay down for a nap,” but “He laid down the law.”
If the subject is already at rest, you might “let it lie.”
If a helping verb is involved,
you need the past participle forms.
“Lie” becomes “lain” and “lay” becomes “laid”:
“He had just lain down for a nap,” and
“His daughter had laid the gerbil on his nose.”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression
Lay & Lie
Lay means “to replace”
and is a transitive verb requiring an object.
Lie, in the context here,
means “to recline,” is intransitive, and take no object.
“I shall lay the rug on the floor.”
“Please lie down here.”
The principal parts of lay are lay, laid, laid, laying;
The principal parts of lie are lie, lay, lain, lying.
Among hackneyed expression
employing lay and lie may be cited
“lay down the law,” “lay of the land,”
“lay oneself open,” “lay by the heel,”
“lay down one’s life,” “lay heads together,”
“lay one’s cards on the table,” “lay a course,”
“lay about one,” “lay for,”
“lay it on with a trowel (or shovel),” “lay it on thick,”
“lie down on the job,” “lie low,”
“take lying down,” “lie in wait,” and
“Uneasy lies the head that wears a crown.”
The A-Z of correct English Usage Dictionary:
lay or lie?
The various tenses of these verbs
cause a great deal of unnecessary confusion.
Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:
to lay: I LAY the table early every morning.
I AM LAYING the table now.
I HAVE LAID it already.
I WAS LAYING the table when you phoned.
I LAID the table before I went to bed.
My hen LAYS an egg every morning.
She IS LAYING an egg now.
She HAS LAID an egg already.
She WAS LAYING an egg when you phoned.
She LAID an egg every day last week. to lie (down)
I LIE down every afternoon after lunch.
I AM LYING down now.
I HAVE LAIN down every afternoon this week.
I WAS LYING down when you phoned.
I LAY down yesterday afternoon. to lie (= tell a lie) I LIE regularly.
I AM LYING to you now.
I HAVE LIED all my life.
I WAS LYING to you last week.
I LIED to you yesterday as well.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree
lay =
set down; place; past tense of lie
Not to be confused with:
lei = a garland of flowers worn around the neck
lie = rest in a horizontal position; recline
Dictionary.com
Word often confused with LAY
Lay is most commonly a transitive verb
and takes an object.
Its forms are regular.
If “place” or “put” can be substituted
in a sentence, a form of lay is called for:
Lay the folders on the desk.
The mason is laying brick.
She laid the baby in the crib.
Lay also has many intransitive senses,
among them “to lay eggs” (The hens have stopped laying),
and it forms many phrasal verbs,
such as lay off “to dismiss (from employment)”
or “to stop annoying or teasing”
and lay over “to make a stop.”
Lie, with the overall senses
“to be in a horizontal position, recline”
and “to rest, remain, be situated, etc.,
” is intransitive and takes no object.
Its forms are irregular;
its past tense form is identical
with the present tense or infinitive form of lay:
Lie down, children.
Abandoned cars were lying along the road.
The dog lay in the shade and watched the kittens play.
The folders have lain on the desk since yesterday.
In all but the most careful, formal speech,
forms of lay are commonly heard
in senses normally associated with lie.
In edited written English such uses of lay are rare
and are usually considered nonstandard:
Lay down, children.
The dog laid in the shade.
Abandoned cars were laying along the road.
The folders have laid on the desk since yesterday.
Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary,
usage:
lay and lie are often confused.
lay is most commonly a transitive verb and takes an object.
Its forms are regular.
If “place” or “put” can be substituted in a sentence,
a form of lay is called for:
Lay the folders on the desk.
She laid the baby in the crib.
lay also has several intransitive senses,
among them “to lay eggs”
(The hens have stopped laying),
and it forms many phrasal verbs, such as lay off.
― lie, with the overall senses
“to be in a horizontal position, recline”
and “to rest, remain, be situated, etc.,”
is intransitive and takes no object.
Its forms are irregular;
its past tense form is identical with the present tense
or infinitive form of lay:
Lie down, children.
Abandoned cars were lying along the road.
The dog lay in the shade.
The folders have lain on the desk since yesterday.
Substitution of forms of lay for those of lie
occur in all but the most formal speech and writing,
but constructions like the following
are generally considered incorrect:
Can you lay down?
The dog laid in the shade.
Abandoned cars were laying along the road.
The folders have laid on the desk since yesterday.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Usage Note:
Lay ("to put, place, or prepare")
and lie ("to recline or be situated")
have been confused for centuries;
evidence exists
that lay has been used to mean "lie" since the 1300s.
Why?
First, there are two lays.
One is the base form of the verb lay,
and the other is the past tense of lie.
Second, lay was once used with a reflexive pronoun
to mean "lie"
and survives in the familiar line from the child's prayer
Now I lay me down to sleep;
lay me down is easily shortened to lay down.
Third, lay down,
as in She lay down on the sofa
sounds the same as laid down,
as in I laid down the law to the kids.
By traditional usage prescription,
these words should be kept distinct
according to the following rules.
Lay is a transitive verb and takes a direct object.
Lay and its principal parts (laid, laying)
are correctly used in the following examples:
He laid (not lay) the newspaper on the table.
The table was laid for four.
Lie is an intransitive verb and cannot take an object.
Lie and its principal parts (lay, lain, lying)
are correctly used in the following examples:
She often lies (not lays) down after lunch.
When I lay (not laid) down, I fell asleep.
The rubbish had lain (not laid) there a week.
I was lying (not laying) in bed when he called.
There are a few exceptions to these rules.
The phrasal verb lay for
and the nautical use of lay,
as in lay at anchor, though intransitive, are standard.
BRITISH DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS FOR LAY
USAGE FOR LAY
In careful English,
the verb lay is used with an object
and lie without one:
the soldier laid down his arms;
the Queen laid a wreath; the book was lying on the table;
he was lying on the floor.
In informal English,
lay is frequently used for lie:
the book was laying on the table.
All careful writers and speakers
observe the distinction even in informal contexts
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for lie
Verb (2)
LIE, PREVARICATE, EQUIVOCATE, PALTER, FIB
mean to tell an untruth.
LIE is the blunt term, imputing dishonesty.
lied about where he had been
PREVARICATE softens the bluntness of LIE
by implying quibbling or confusing the issue.
during the hearings the witness did his best to prevaricate
EQUIVOCATE implies using words having more than one sense
so as to seem to say one thing but intend another.
equivocated endlessly in an attempt to mislead her inquisitors
PALTER implies making unreliable statements of fact
or intention or insincere promises.
a swindler paltering with his investors
FIB applies to a telling of a trivial untruth.
fibbed about the price of the new suit
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Lay vs. Lie: Usage Guide
Verb
Lay has been used intransitively in the sense of "lie"
going to lay down for a quick nap since the 14th century.
The practice was unremarked until around 1770;
attempts to correct it have been a fixture of schoolbooks ever since.
Generations of teachers and critics have
succeeded in taming most literary and learned writing,
but intransitive lay persists in familiar speech
and is a bit more common in general prose
than one might suspect.
Much of the problem lies in the confusing similarity
of the principal parts of the two words.
Another influence may be a folk belief that
lie is for people and lay is for things.
Some commentators are ready to abandon the distinction,
suggesting that lay is on the rise socially.
But if it does rise to respectability,
it is sure to do so slowly:
many people have invested effort in learning to keep lie and lay distinct.
Remember that even though many people
do use lay for lie,
others will judge you unfavorably if you do.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words at Play
How to Use 'Lay' and 'Lie'
Tripping Up English Speakers for 700 Years
What to Know
Lay means "to place something down flat," while
lie means "to be in a flat position on a surface."
The key difference is that
lay is transitive and requires an object to act upon, and
lie is intransitive, describing something
moving on its own or already in position.
Beyond the present tense,
the pair can become more confusing
because lay is the past tense of lie,
and laid is the past tense of lay.
Ever been corrected—or corrected someone else
—for saying "I'm going to lay down"?
In either case, your dictionary forgives you.
It's true that the correct way to make that statement
is to say "I'm going to lie down,"
but it's also true that
lay and lie have been tripping up English speakers for 700 years,
and no one should be judged harshly for being among the confused.
The pair is a doozy.
Difference Between Lay and Lie
If you're someone who cares about writing and speaking carefully, though, your communication skills will be strengthened
by keeping them straight, so
here's the lowdown.
Lay's most common meaning
is "to place (something or someone) down in a flat position."
Lie's corresponding meaning
is "to be in a flat position on a surface."
Lay is transitive; it requires that the verb have an object;
there has to be a thing or person being placed:
Lay it down.
Lie, on the other hand, is intransitive.
It's for something or someone moving on their own
or something that's already in position:
You can lie down there. You can lie there all day.
Other Tenses of Lay and Lie
That's tricky enough,
but it gets worse when we start using the words
beyond the present tense.
Here's lay in context in tenses that show its principal forms:
I was told to lay the book down.
I laid it down as I have laid other books down.
I am laying more books down now.
And here's lie:
I was told to lie down.
I lay down.
I have lain here since.
I'm still lying here.
Did you catch that?
For lay, we have lay, laid, have laid, laying;
for lie, we have lie, lay, have lain, lying.
And then there's the unrelated verb
meaning "to tell an untruth."
That lie goes lie, lied, have lied, lying.
Collins English Dictionary
Usage:
In careful English,
the verb lay is used with an object
and lie without one:
the soldier laid down his arms;
the Queen laid a wreath;
the book was lying on the table;
he was lying on the floor.
In informal English,
lay is frequently used for lie:
the book was laying on the table.
All careful writers and speakers
observe the distinction even in informal contexts
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Lay – Lie
1. 'lay'
Lay is a transitive verb, and it is also a past tense of another verb, lie.
To lay something somewhere
means to put it there carefully or neatly.
Lay a sheet of newspaper on the floor.
The other forms of lay are lays, laying, laid.
Michael laid the box on the table gently.
'I couldn't get a taxi,' she said, laying her hand on Nick's sleeve.
2. 'lie'
Lie is an intransitive verb with two different meanings.
To lie somewhere means to be there in a horizontal position,
or to get into that position.
She would lie on the floor, listening to music.
When lie is used like this,
its other forms are lies, lying, lay, lain.
The -ed participle lain is rarely used.
The baby was lying on the table.
I lay in bed listening to the rain.
To lie means to say or write something which you know is untrue.
When lie is used like this, its other forms are lies, lying, lied.
Why did he lie to me?
Robert was sure that Thomas was lying.
He had lied about where he had been that night.
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