2023-06-03 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด J – Just & justified

Revision J

 

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ที่ถือว่า ถูกต้อง ในที่นี้ เป็นไป ตามมาตรฐาน ของภาษา 

การใช้ภาษาอังกฤษ ไม่กำหนดมาตฐาน ถือตามส่วนใหญ่ที่ใช้แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Just = ‘JUHST’

ออกเสียง justified = ‘JUHS-tuh-fahy’

ออกเสียง waffle = ‘WOF-uhl’

 

Longo Dictionary

ให้คำแปล Just = adv ขณะนี้ เดี๋ยวนี้ adj. ยุติธรรม เหมาะสม

ให้คำแปล justified = adj. อย่างเที่ยงธรรม

ให้คำแปล waffle = (sl) พูดไร้สาระ (n) คำพูดคลุมเครือ -ลังเลใจ

ให้คำแปล justice = ความยุติธรรม ชอบด้วยกฏหมาบ

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expression

 Just & justified

Just is an adjective with the primary meaning of 

“guided by fairness, truth, and reason.”

 

Justly is an adverb conveying this same meaning:

“A just man is justly honored by others.”

Justly should never be used as a noun.

 

In its adverbial use, just has additional meaning.

 

It is used to mean “precisely” (just perfect), 

“narrowly” (just missed the bus), 

“recently” (just got here), and 

“only” (just a taste).

 

Phrases such as “just exactly” (I have just exactly $10) 

and ‘just recently” (He just recently got here) 

really say the same thing twice.

“Just about” (I’m just about to leave) seems self-contradictory, 

since the words mean “precisely approximately.”

 

However, this book is not just about 

going to deny that 

the idiom is common and deep-rooted, 

although one might occasionally 

say very nearly or almost, 

instead of the idiomatically 

(but not logically) acceptable “just about.”

 

Dictionary.com

Are You Using the Word “Just” Too Much?

Does it ever sound like people overuse the word just these days,

when being indecisive, indirect, or, worse yet, 

passive-aggressive—especially in the workplace?

 

Maybe you’ve heard your boss ask:

“I know it’s a Saturday, but if you could, you know, just send me over the document when’s it all done, that’d be great, thanks!”

 

Or maybe you were the one 

smuggling in some criticism and doubts with just:

“You worked hard on this project, 

I know, I just still have some questions about it.”

 

Sometimes, just is just a way we waffle:

“Tacos sound delicious. Pizza sounds delicious. 

Thai sounds delicious. I just can’t decide.”

 

The word just definitely has its place,

and we rely on this word for good reason:

 

it helps soften a request or concern 

that we don’t want to come across as too forceful.

 

But overusing a word like just in this way can backfire,

making you come across as insincere or manipulative—far from polite!

 

Let’s take some time to look at this use of just

and see if we can come up with some good alternatives to use 

when this word isn’t helping us be good communicators.

 

What does just mean?

Just is a very versatile word.

The word just comes from the Latin word jūst us,

meaning “righteous” and from the noun jūs, “law, right.”

As an adjective, the word just is widely and variously 

used to discuss lawfulness, fairness, and morality,

e.g., a just society or a just cause. 

The word justice is, indeed, related.

 

Here, however, we are concerned with the use of just as an adverb

—which does ultimately emerge from those original “fair”

adjective senses of the word.

As an adverb, just has many applications,

e.g., He went to college when he was just 17; 

Just as we need to pay attention to our physical health, 

so we need to take care of our mental health;

or The baby just fell asleep a few minutes ago.

But the passive-aggressive just

—you know, the one that is increasingly grating people’s ears

through overuse in personal and professional requests

—is specifically used as 

what some linguists refer to as a politeness marker.

 

Politeness markers are words and phrases 

meant to create cooperation, show deference, and well,

avoid being mean and bossy while living in a society 

where we all have to get along 

but still need things from each other.

 

Some other examples of politeness markers 

include hedging phrases like kind of and sort of 

or the subjective framing of phrases,

e.g., I guess or If I could ask a question.

 

Just is especially used to soften the force of a demand 

or weaken an imposition.

 

How does just get overused?

Politeness markers are incredibly useful.

We need them to communicate effectively, 

which often means respectfully, to navigate life. 

They are like social lubricants and glues.

 

But when politeness markers like just get overused,

especially in workplace or educational settings,

they can have the opposite effect:

they seem impolite.

 

Too much hedging can come across as indecisive.

Too much indirectness can come across as unassertive.

 

Overusing politeness markers like just 

can sound condescending and infantilizing.

 

It can waste time and squander respect. 

It can result in mixed messages and cause confusion.

 

COLLINS ENGLISH DICTIONARY

USAGE FOR JUST

The use of just with exactly

(it's just exactly what they want) is redundant

and should be avoided: it's exactly what they want

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for just

Adjective

FAIR, JUST, EQUITABLE, IMPARTIAL, UNBIASED, 

DISPASSIONATE, OBJECTIVE

mean free from favor toward either or any side.

 

FAIR implies a proper balance of conflicting interests. a fair decision

 

JUST implies an exact following of a standard 

of what is right and proper. 

a just settlement of territorial claims

 

EQUITABLE implies a less rigorous standard than JUST 

and usually suggests equal treatment of all concerned.

the equitable distribution of the property

 

IMPARTIAL stresses an absence of favor or prejudice. an impartial third party

 

UNBIASED implies even more strongly an absence of all prejudice. your unbiased opinion

 

DISPASSIONATE suggests freedom from the influence 

of strong feeling and often implies cool or even cold judgment. a dispassionate summation of the facts

 

OBJECTIVE stresses a tendency to view events orpersons 

as apart from oneself and one's own interest or feelings. 

I can't be objective about my own child

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

UPRIGHT, HONEST, JUST, CONSCIENTIOUS, 

SCRUPULOUS, HONORABLE

mean having or showing a strict regard for what is morally right.

 

UPRIGHT implies a strict adherence to moral principles. 

a stern and upright minister

 

HONEST stresses adherence to such virtues 

as truthfulness, candor, or fairness. 

known for being honest in business dealings

 

JUST stresses conscious choice and 

regular practice of what is right or equitable. 

workers given just compensation

CONSCIENTIOUS and SCRUPULOUS imply 

an active moral sense governing all one's actions 

and painstaking efforts to follow one's conscience.

conscientious in the completion of her assignments

scrupulous in carrying out the terms of the will

 

HONORABLE suggests a firm holding 

to codes of right behavior and 

the guidance of a high sense of honor and duty. 

a difficult but honorable decision

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Usage Notes

'Would just as soon' vs. 'Would just assume'

One is an idiom; one is an eggcorn.

 

What to Know

Would just as soon is an idiom that means 

you would much rather something (or anything) else 

than what was suggested,

 

such as "I would just as soon starve than eat there again."

 

This phrase is sometimes incorrectly stated or written 

as "would just assume," which is an eggcorn, 

or a sound alike phrase that is used mistakenly.

 

What is an Eggcorn?

We assume—or, rather, we think that it is likely

 

—that many readers of the above quotes 

caught something that stuck out.

 

But that's just an assumption.

The eggcorn, which is a word or phrase that sounds like

and is mistakenly used for another, 

in the quotes tells us that the mistake is wily enough 

to slip past writers and copy editors alike.

 

So as not to leave readers in the dark,

"would just assume" should be "would just as soon."

 

Here are a couple examples 

using the correct phrase (just can be omitted):

 

We asked him to come with us, 

but he said he'd just as soon stay home and watch a movie.

I would (just) as soon starve than go to that restaurant again.

 

Other "would" phrases are "would sooner" or "would rather."

She would rather drive than take the train.

 

Usage of 'Soon'

 

All these forms of expression are used 

to indicate what someone wants or prefers to do, have, etc.,

over something else,

and soon adds a sense of immediacy or promptness to them

as well as to the common "the sooner the better" 

and "no sooner said than done."

 

Incorrect Usage of 'Would Just Assume'

 

We assume "would just assume" was first hatched shortly 

after the longtime pair "as soon" ]

begins to be applied in the phrase "would just as soon." 

 

When exactly that first occurs, we can't say for sure. 

We can say with confidence, however, 

that there is definitely a phonetic similarity 

between "as soon" and assume and that 

the use of assume in the set expression is syntactically illogical

—which qualifies "would just assume" as an eggcorn.

 

It should be pointed out that in some contexts, 

the verb assume properly follows the modal verb would, 

as in "I would just assume [=think, suppose] the opposite" 

 

or "I would assume that he'd be joining us." 

 

These examples illustrate the 

familiar "guessing" sense of assume.

 

But there is no guessing implied by the idiom 

"would (just) as soon"; 

rather, it implies that a subject 

"would rather," "would sooner," or "prefers to" 

carry out the action indicated by the following verb 

than a stated or suggested alternative.

 

We would just as soon keep writing 

about this topic than bring it to a close. 

But we assume that we have successfully conveyed to you 

that the correct phrase is 

"would just as soon," not "would just assume."

 

We presume then that we are done.