2023-05-31 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด J – jerry built & jerry rigged
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Longo Dictionary
ให้คำแปล Jerry-built = สะเพร่า
ให้คำแปล jury = คณะลูกขุน
ให้คำแปลrigged = ขึงใบเรือ
ให้คำแปล shoddy = คุณภาพต่ำ - เลวทราม
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
JERRY-BUILT & JURY-RIGGED
Although their etymologies are obscure
and their meanings overlap,
these are two distinct expressions.
Something poorly built is “jerry-built.”
Something rigged up temporarily in a makeshift manner
with materials at hand,
often in an ingenious manner, is “jury-rigged.”
“Jerry-built” always has a negative connotation,
whereas one can be impressed
by the cleverness of a jury-rigged solution.
Many people cross-pollinate these two expressions
and mistakenly say “jerry-rigged” or “jury-built.”
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง jerry built = ‘JER-ee-bilt’
ออกเสียง jerry rigged = ‘JER-ee-rig’
ออกเสียง jury rigged = ‘JOOR-ee-rig’
Dictionary.com
What does jury-rigged mean?
The word jury has a few different meanings.
It can be a group of people
that decides in a legal case
or a group of people who judge a contest.
Via French, this jury goes back to a Latin verb
meaning “to swear (an oath),”
also seen in words like perjury.
But, in the nautical world,
jury means “makeshift” or “temporary.”
The origin of this jury isn’t exactly known.
The word rig is also a nautical term.
As a verb, it means “to fit a ship or mast with
the necessary elements
(such as shrouds and sails).”
More generally, it means “to assemble.”
Together, these words become jury-rigged by the late 18th century.
A jury-rig, as a noun, is a temporary solution
that’s built to replace something
that’s been broken or lost overboard.
The word can also be used as a verb.
For example:
“She jury-rigged a new topmast after hers broke in the wind.”
Although this expression is rooted in the nautical world,
it can refer to any makeshift,
MacGyver-like fix:
“He jury-rigged a raincoat from garbage bag in the garage.
”
What does jerry-built mean?
Jerry-builtis an adjective.
It describes something that’s cheaply or flimsily built.
It can also mean “developed in a haphazard way.”
The word can also be used
as a verb (present form, jerry-build):
“He jerry-built the house, and now, the roof is leaking.”
Here’s where jerry-built differs slightly from jury-rigged:
A jury-rig is a temporary solution created with the materials at hand.
In some cases, a jury-rig may be poorly put together,
but that sense isn’t part of the definition.
Jury-rigs can be clever, innovative, and impressive.
If something is jerry-built, however,
it’s poorly constructed by definition.
What does jerry-rigged mean?
The word jerry-rigged may be
a blend of jury-rigged and jerry-built,
or it may be a variant pronunciation
or spelling of jury-rigged.
(Jerry and jury do sound very close.)
Jerry-rigged is found by the late 19th-century.
In everyday speech, the word jerry-rig is widely used,
though some sticklers insist that it’s incorrect.
It’s sometimes used in journalism as well.
Its definition is the same as jury-rigged.
For example:
“She didn’t know how she was going to get home
with all of those groceries, but then,
using a few old scraps she found,
she jerry-rigged a trailer for the back of her bicycle.”
Jerry-built, & jerry-build, and jerry-builder
are all found in the 19th century.
Is the jerry in jerry-built or jerry-rigged offensive?
It’s sometimes thought that the jerry
in jerry-built or jerry-rigged comes from Jerry
as used as British slur against Germans during Word War I and II.
This disparaging term is real,
a pun on the name Jerry and
the pronunciation of the first part of German.
This insult, however, is found by 1915,
which is sometime after we first find evidence
for jerry-built and jerry-rigged in the 19th century.
So, who (or what) is jerry? We’re just not sure.
But, we hope these don’t remember
some poor, shoddy crafts man named Jerry
(a nickname for such names
as Jeremy, Jerome, or Jeremiah) for all time.
Farlex Trivia Dictionary.
jerry-built
- Is either from English dialect jerry, = "bad, defective,
"a pejorative use of the male nickname Jerry,
or from nautical slang jury, = "temporary,"
which came to be used of all sorts of makeshift
and inferior objects.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Jerry-built' vs. 'Jury-rigged' vs. 'Jerry-rigged'
Three terms, three strong options.
Imagine with us for a minute that you are putting together
one of those tall, many-tiered, carpeted structures for a cat.
You are, however, working with subpar tools and several improvised components.
You succeed in getting the thing
into something like its intended form
only to be suddenly beset with a linguistic conundrum:
is the structure jury-rigged or jerry-built or jerry-rigged?
Ah, good question, despite whatever the cat says.
All three terms are established words
that are regularly applied to structures
reminiscent of the imagined
(at least by us) many-tiered carpeted cat structure.
If we were building this structure back in the 18th century,
we would have only one of these terms available to us:
jury-rig has meant "to erect, construct,
or arrange in a makeshift fashion" since the late 18th century,
and appears in its participial jury-rigged form from its earliest days.
The only caveat here is that our 18th century selves
would be using the word completely unconventionally
in this context
—unless the many-tiered carpeted cat structure were also a boat.
That's right: in its early days jury-rigged was a strictly nautical term.
That fact is also our clue
that jury-rig has nothing to do with the juries of the courtroom.
Jury-rig comes from the adjective jury,
meaning"improvised for temporary use especially
in an emergency," or "makeshift."
It's a 15th century term
that comes from the Middle English jory,
as known (back then, anyway) in the phrase
"jory sail," meaning "improvised sail."
The rig in jury-rigged likewise
has nothing to do with the rig that has to do with
manipulating or controlling something,
like a game or election, to get a desired result.
Jury-rigged was, of our three words,
the only option for describing our questionably constructed
many-tiered carpeted cat structure for quite a while.
But in the mid-19th century another word came along:
jerry-built means "built cheaply and un-substantially"
as well as "carelessly or hastily put together."
The origin of this word is unknown,
though there is plenty of speculation
that it's from some poor slob named Jerry,
which is a nickname for Jeremy or Jeremiah.
While one named Jerry may reasonably disdain the word,
jerry - built is not considered to be a slur.
Jerry was used in British English around the time
of the First World War as a disparaging word
for a German person, but jerry-built predates that use:
Before things were jerry-built,
it seems that somethings were built in the "jerry" style:
The definitive proof is absent,
but etymologists believe that the similarity
between something being jury-rigged
and something being jerry-built paved the way for
our third word.
The jury of jury-rigged isn't transparent
to the modern English speaker,
but the rigged makes sense:
after its "to fit out with rigging" meaning,
rig developed other senses,
including "to equip," "to construct,"
and "to put in condition or position for use."
And so it was that in the late 19th century,
the word jerry-rigged sidled up to the language
and asked to come inside, offering a meaning of
"organized or constructed in a crude or improvised manner":
While some will assert that jerry-rigged
is an inferior sort of word to be avoided,
it is in fact fully established and has been busy
in the language for more than a century,
describing any number of things
organized or constructed in a crude or improvised way.
Jury-rigged and jerry-built are some what older
and not generally criticized,
and have the added benefit of having corresponding verb forms.
Jury-rigged is the best choice
when the make shift nature of the effort is to be emphasized
rather than as shoddiness that results;
the one who jury-rigs is merely doing what they can
with the materials available.
Jerry-built is most often applied
when something has been made quickly and cheaply;
the one who jerry-builds something builds it badly.
Whatever your imagined many-tiered carpeted cat structure
looks like, of course,
the important thing is not which word you choose
to describe it but how happy the box it came in is making your cat.
ความเห็น (1)
I recall ‘Jerry’ (a name) means ‘bearer of a spear’. Obviously this does not fit into ‘jerry built’ here. ;-)