2023-05-23 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด I – Internet & intranet

Revision I

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ความหมาย อาจยืดหยุ่น ขึ้นอยู่กับ ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง Internet = ‘IN-ter-net’

ออกเสียง intranet = ‘IN-truh-net’

 

Dictionary.com

USAGE NOTE FOR INTERNET

The lowercase form internet is now widely favored 

over the capitalized spelling Internet.

 

Originally, the word was capitalized as a proper noun 

to distinguish the network that we now know 

(having developed from the large and specific 

U.S. Department of Defense ARPANET network) 

from smaller, more generic linked networks. 

 

Two major trends have eroded the former use 

of the capitalized form: 

the growing perception of the internet as a generic entity, 

and the general trend toward lowercase spelling 

and other shortcuts that minimize keystrokes 

in digital communication. 

 

Accordingly, the lowercase form internet 

was first embraced in digital media and informal writing. 

 

It was subsequently adopted by technology-related publications.

Major newspapers and style guides 

have also now adopted the lowercase form internet 

as standard. 

The capitalized spelling 

may still be found in older published material 

or in some linguistically conservative publications.

However, while either form is acceptable in writing 

(as long as it is used consistently), 

the lowercase spelling internet 

is the form best adapted to its evolving use.

Dictionary.com

HISTORICAL USAGE OF INTERNET

Introduced in the 1960s, the internet 

became widely accessible by the 1990s. 

Over the years, many internet-related words 

entered mainstream usage, but given the pace of change, 

some terms gradually fell out of favor. 

Some new terms that at first seemed aptly modern 

quickly turned out to be inadequate to encompass 

what the internet rapidly became. 

For example, in the late 1970s and early 1980s, 

the metaphor information superhighway was popularized 

by former Vice President Al Gore to help people visualize 

how the internet could become a part of their everyday lives. 

But as the internet became ubiquitous, 

this metaphor, along with the related term infobahn 

(modeled on autobahn ), was forsaken by those who took the benefits of the internet as a given. 

Now the term information superhighway 

is generally considered outmoded 

and often used humorously. 

Netizen, a term used to describe a person 

who avidly uses the internet, has become less relevant 

as more people gain online access. 

(However, in some countries in which internet use is restricted or controlled by the government, the term netizen remains relevant because it connotes unfettered online access.) 

In contrast, the newer term digital citizen has grown in use amid concerns that more people, especially young people, need to learn how to safely and effectively navigate the internet. 

The term netiquette, or the rules of etiquette for communicating online, has also declined in use—hopefully because netiquette has become more widely accepted, 

rather than because it is now held in lower esteem. 

And, as dial-up services are phased out and replaced, 

the term itself has unsurprisingly fallen out of popular use. 

 

The colorful term cyberspace, 

coined by sci-fi author William Gibson in the early 1980s, 

peaked around the year 2000, but has declined since. 

However, the prefix cyber- has proven to be 

not only relevant but linguistically productive. 

 

The terms cybercrime , cyberterrorism , cyberbullying, and cyberstalking , for example, 

have surged in use as people have become increasingly concerned about online security 

and the personal and social outcomes of an interconnected online world. 

In the 1990s, you might have surfed the web, 

but today you’re more likely to see the verbs browse 

or search in this context. 

Similarly, you now look up something on the internet 

or you simply go online. 

The expression World Wide Web over the years 

has become truncated to the easier-to-say web . 

 

The term hyperlink, though still in use, 

has been overtaken by its shortened version, link . 

 

An instant message is more often referred to simply as an IM. 

 

In most internet contexts, 

the adjective electronic has been shortened to the prefix e- . 

So electronic mail has become email (originally e-mail ), 

and other open compounds like 

electronic learning and electronic signature 

have likewise become e-learning and e-signature. 

It is not uncommon for tech-savvy people to playfully use old-fashioned-sounding terms or awkward sentences to comically contrast with their actual technological competence: 

for example, replacing for the sake of humor the simple suggestion to “look it up online” with “ask the interweb.” 

 

They also may indulge in facetious grammatical errors

—like “I has a hotdog”—

and conspicuous misspellings

—like “teh lolz kitteh” for “the funny cat.” 

Popular internet memes can take this playfulness further: 

for example, 

LOLcat and doge (an intentional misspelling of dog ), 

in which animal photos are paired with their imagined, 

usually humorous thoughts. 

It’s impossible to know exactly 

where these trends in internet-related language will go next. 

However, we can feel confident that 

as the internet grows and morphs, 

so too will the language we use to describe it.

Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree 

intranet

= a computer network with restricted access, 

as within a company, 

that uses protocols developed by the Internet

Not to be confused with:

Internet, = the – a large computer network linking smaller computer networks worldwide

 

THE NEW DICTIONARY OF CULTURAL LITERACY, THIRD EDITION

NOTES FOR INTERNET

Some scholars have argued that 

the access to massive amounts of information, 

together with the widespread ability to communicate, 

has altered the way that human beings perceive reality.

 

The American Heritage® Student Science Dictionary, 

In·ter·net (ĭn′tər-nĕt′)

A system connecting computers around the world 

using a common software protocol 

for transmitting and receiving data. 

This protocol is known as TCP/IP, which stands for 

Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol.

 

Did You Know? 

Although the Internet is an immense global network 

that reaches millions of homes and businesses, 

it began as a relatively simple computer network 

called ARPANET, 

funded by a Department of Defense research agency. 

ARPANET linked educational institutions and research facilities.

Users could transfer files, send e-mail, 

and post messages in a forum called USENET.

 

Later, the development of HTTP (hypertext transfer protocol) allowed users to make connections 

from one electronic document to others by using hyperlinks. 

Such hyperlinked electronic documents (called webpages) 

can consist of text, pictures, and sound files. 

 

Over a billion of these webpages form the World Wide Web. 

The transmission of webpages, e-mails, files, 

and similar electronic data takes place 

on the massive network known as the Internet. 

 

What began as a simple way for military 

and educational researchers to communicate 

has developed into 

an international means of communicating ideas, 

as well as transmitting text, pictures, sound files, 

and even entire movies.

 

Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary

INTERNET & INTRANET

“Internet” is the proper name of the network 

most people connect to, and the word needs to be capitalized.

 

However “intranet,” 

a network confined to a smaller group, 

is a generic term which does not deserve capitalization. 

 

In advertising, 

we often read things like “unlimited Internet, $19.” 

 

It would be more accurate 

to refer in this sort of context to “Internet access.”