2022-04-11
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – F - forward & forwards & foreword
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง forward = “FAWR-werd”
ออกเสียง forwards = “FAWR-werdz”
ออกเสียง foreword = “FAWR-wurd” or “FOHR-werd”
The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary:
foreword &r forward
Use these exemplar sentences as a guide:
The Poet Laureate had written a FOREWORD for the new anthology.
I am looking FORWARD to the holiday.
Will you please FORWARD this letter?
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
Foreword & forward & foreword
Although some style books
prefer “forward” and “toward”
to “forwards” and “towards,”
none of these forms is really incorrect,
though the forms without the final S
are perhaps a smidgen more formal.
The spelling “foreword” applies exclusively
to the introductory matter in a book.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree:
forward
= toward or at a place, point, or time in advance; onward:
a forward motion
Not to be confused with:
foreword
= a short introductory statement in a published work, as a book:
A foreword is not generally written by the author of the book.
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR FORWARD
Forward & Onward
both indicate a direction toward the front
or a movement in a frontward direction.
Forward applies to any movement toward what is
or is conceived to be the front or a goal:
to face forward; to move forward in the aisles.
Onward applies to any movement in continuance of a course:
to march onward toward a goal.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for forward
Verb
Advance, Promote, Forward, Further
mean to help (someone or something) to move ahead.
Advance stresses effective assisting in hastening a process or bringing about a desired end.
advance the cause of peace
Promote suggests an encouraging or fostering and may denote an increase in status or rank.
a campaign to promote better health
Forward implies an impetus forcing something ahead.
a wage increase would forward productivity
Further suggestsa removing of obstacles in the way of
a desired advance.
used the marriage to further his career
Collins COBUID English Dictionary:
Forward & forwards
1. 'forward' and 'forwards'
If you move or look forward or forwards,
you move or look in a direction that is in front of you.
Salesmen rushed forward to serve her.
John peered forward through the twilight.
Ralph walked forwards a couple of steps.
Forwards is only used as an adverb.
2. 'look forward to'
If you are looking forward to something that is going to happen,
you want it to happen because you think you will enjoy it.
He's looking forward to going home.
3. 'forward' used as an adjective
Forward is also an adjective.
A forward movement is one in which someone
or something moves forwards.
Slow forward movement was made possible by pivoting his body with his shoulders.
He points out that flapping wings provide forward thrust as well as upward lift.
When forward has this meaning, it can only be used in front of a noun.
4. 'forward' used as a verb
Forward is also a verb.
If you forward a letter to someone,
you send it on to them when they have moved to a different address.
Would you mind forwarding my mail to this address?
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:
ad·vanc′er n.
Synonyms: advance, forward, foster, further, promote
These verbs mean to cause to move ahead or progress,
as toward a goal:
advance a worthy cause;
forwarding their own interests;
fostered friendly relations;
furthering your career;
efforts to promote sales.
Usage Note:
When used as a noun,
advance indicates forward movement (the advance of the army)
or progress or improvement (an advance in molecular biology).
Advancement is usually used figuratively
to indicate promotion or movement
beyond an established norm:
career advancement.
Unlike advance,
advancement often implies
the existence of an agent or outside force.
Thus the advance of science
means simply "the progress of science,"
whereas the advancement of science
implies progress resulting from the action of an agent or force:
The purpose of the legislation was the advancement of science.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:
back′ward·ly adv.
back′ward·ness n.
Usage Note:
Most American English dictionaries
list -wards as a spelling variant of the directional suffix -ward.
Accordingly, two variants are provided for most of the adverbs
that end with this suffix:
backward/backwards,
toward/towards,
upward/upwards, and so on.
Although both variants are considered acceptable,
the -ward suffix is more common in American English,
whereas the -wards suffix is more common in British English.
This distinction is more prominent in edited prose
than in casual writing or speech,
possibly because many American copyeditors
follow style manuals that recommend or prescribe the -ward variant.
Despite this dialectal differentiation,
there remains significant variation in usage among individuals
and even among the different -ward words themselves.
This variation is evident in the results from our 2012 usage survey:
backwards and towards were deemed acceptable by 72 percent
and 69 percent of Panelists, respectively,
but only 38 percent found forwards to be acceptable.
Note that for those -ward words that also function as adjectives,
the form without the s is standard:
a backward look;
a westward journey.
