2022-04-03 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – F - forego & forgo

Revision F

2022-04-03

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – F - forego & forgo

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง forego = “fawr-GOH” or “fohr-GOH” 

ออกเสียง forgo = “fawr-GOH”

 

Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:

forego & forgo

The E in “forego” tells you it has to do with going before. 

It occurs mainly in the expression 

             “foregone conclusion,” 

             = a conclusion arrived at in advance. 

“Forgo” means to abstain from or do without. 

             “After finishing his steak, he decided to forgo the blueberry 

              cheesecake.”

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:

forego & forgo

To forego is 

           “to go before,” 

           “to precede.”

Forego is a  rarely used word, but it would be correct, 

           although somewhat archaic, to say

                  “The singing or a song will forego the main speech.”

Forgo (also a correct variant spelling of forego) 

means     “to give up,” 

                “to abstain,” 

                “to renounce”:

                     “I’m not hungry and will forgo dinner.” 

Although forgo  may spelled ”forego,” 

forego may not be spelled “forgo.”

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Usage Notes

'Forego' vs. 'Forgo': The E Is Important

Dinner might 'forego' dessert, but who would want to 'forgo' it?

Although forego and forgo have distinct meanings

—forego meaning "to go before" and 

forgo meaning "to do without"

—it is not uncommon to find forego in place of forgo. 

Most standard dictionaries find such use acceptable, 

so feel free to express that you "will forego dessert" or "will forgo it," 

with the only caveat that you will have to explain 

why you would do such a thing.

 

If, however, you mean that dessert will come before dinner 

(on a special occasion, of course), 

then you might write on the invite "dessert will forego dinner," 

but not "dessert will forgo dinner." (Also, cool dinner party!) 

 

The lesson here is that 

forego implies something comes before something else 

as well as doing without something; 

however, forgo only means "to do without."

 

In other words, 

if you "forego" or "forgo" dessert, you might not be satiated; 

if dessert "foregoes" dinner, you might be too full for dinner. 

And if dessert does, indeed, "forgo" dinner—great!

—but it is hoped that you will find other ways

   to get a healthy dose of daily nutrients.

 

Variant use of forego for forgo will occasionally draw criticism 

from those knowledgeable (such as yourself, just keep reading) 

of the history of the words and their prefixes. 

 

In Old English, forego was foregān, a combination of 

the prefix fore- and the verb gān, meaning "to go," 

while forgo was originally forgān, a combination of 

the prefix for- and gān. 

The prefixes give the homophones distinct

           meanings: fore- means "earlier," "before"," or "in front" 

 

whereas for- means "

so as to involve prohibition, exclusion, omission, failure, or refusal."

(The prefix for- is archaic and is almost exclusively 

used in words coined before 1600, such as forbid.)

Despite this semantic differentiation 

by the presence or absence of the middle "e," forego 

and forgo have been used interchangeably for centuries. 

Current usage evidence, however, 

indicates that forgo is more frequent in print as a standard verb 

in all of its inflected forms: 

forgoes, forwent, forgone, and forgoing. 

 

Forego, on the other hand, is common

chiefly as a participial adjective. 

Foregoing, the present participle of forego, 

implies that something has been mentioned

or has occurred before 

(as in "the foregoing statement is not intended to be an endorsement"), 

and foregone, the past participle, is used especially 

          in the popular expression foregone conclusion, 

          meaning an outcome is predictable 

          (as in "considering the evidence, 

          it was a foregone conclusion that the defendant 

       would be found guilty"). 

William Shakespeare popularized that expression in Othello. 

When his character, Iago, lies that 

he overheard Cassio dreaming about Desdemona, 

the jealous Othello takes the dream as proof of infidelity for 

"a foregone conclusion."

 

As a standard verb in modern English, 

forego is uncommon, but it does have occasional figurative use

—in contexts like "the new boss's reputation foregoes him"

—to suggest that people already know about a person 

    before they meet him or her. 

 

Since forego is rarely used today as a true verb, 

when you encounter it, 

count on it carrying the "to do without" meaning of forgo.

 

To differentiate the words, 

you might think of the "e" in forego 

being linked to before (the prefix fore- means "before") 

and 

a "foregone" conclusion is one made "before" the thing that unfolds. 

 

Forgo, on the other hand, does "without" the "e" 

and means "to do without"

—because, well, you "forgot" about that first "e."