2022-03-09
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - excerpt & extract
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง excerpt – noun & verb = “EK-surpt” – verb = “ik-SURPT”
ออกเสียง extract = verb = “ik-STRAKT” – noun = “EK-strakt”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
excerpt & extract
These words have several different meaning as both noun and verb,
but each may refer to a passage or scene
selected from a book, play, or article.
Basically, to excerpt is “to pick out,” “to pluck,”
whereas toextract is “to remove, often with force”:
“The professor read us an excerpt from a novel.”
“From this poem, please excerpt your favorite lines.:
“Don’t extract the wrong meaning from my remarks.”
“The dentist will soon extract this bad tooth.”
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR EXTRACT
Extract, Exact, Extort, Wrest
imply using force to remove something.
To extract is to draw forth something
as by pulling, importuning, or the like:
to extract a confession by torture.
To exact is to impose a penalty, or to obtain by force or authority, something to which one lays claim:
to exact payment.
To extort is to wring something by intimidation or threats from an unwilling person:
to extort money by threats of blackmail.
To wrest is to take by force or violence in spite of active resistance:
The courageous minority wrested power from their oppressors.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for extract
Verb
Educe, Evoke, Elicit, Extract, Extort
mean to draw out something hidden, latent, or reserved.
Educe implies the bringing out of something potential or latent.
educed order out of chaos
Evoke implies a strong stimulus that arouses an emotion or an interest or recalls an image or memory.
a song that evokes warm memories
Elicit usually implies some effort or skill in drawing forth a response.
careful questioning elicited the truth
Extract implies the use of force or pressure in obtaining answers or information.
extracted a confession from him
Extort suggests a wringing or wresting from one who resists strongly.
extorted their cooperation by threatening to inform
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Do you exact or extract revenge?
The verb exact (as in, "exacting revenge" or "exacting a promise")
is not as commonly encountered as the adjective exact,
(as in "an exact copy" or "exact measurements").
Sometimes people
will mistakenly use the more common verb extract
when they really want exact.
Extract can refer to removing something by pulling or cutting
or to getting information from someone who does not want to give it.
While both words refer to getting something
they are used in different ways.
You extract a tooth,
but you exact revenge.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
The Crisscrossing Histories of Abstract and Extract
Verb
Abstract is most frequently used as an adjective (“abstract ideas”)
and a noun (“an abstract of the article”),
but its somewhat less common use as a verb in English
helps to clarify its Latin roots.
The verb abstract is used to mean “summarize,”
as in “abstracting an academic paper.”
This meaning is a figurative derivative of the verb’s
meanings “to remove” or “to separate.”
We trace the origins of abstract to the combination of
the Latin roots ab-, a prefix meaning “from” or “away,”
with the verb trahere, meaning “to pull” or “to draw.”
The result was the Latin verb abstrahere,
which meant “to remove forcibly” or “to drag away.”
Its past participle abstractus had the
meanings “removed,” “secluded,” “incorporeal,” and, ultimately,
“summarized,” meanings which came to English from Medieval Latin.
Interestingly, the word passed from Latin into French
with competing spellings as both abstract (closer to the Latin)
and abstrait (which reflected the French form of abstrahere, abstraire),
the spelling retained in modern French.
The idea of “removing” or “pulling away” connects abstract to extract,
which stems from Latin through the combination of trahere
with the prefix ex-, meaning “out of” or “away from.”
Extract forms a kind of mirror image of abstract:
more common as a verb,
but also used as a noun and adjective.
The adjective, meaning “derived or descended,” is now obsolete,
as is a sense of the noun that overlapped with abstract, “summary.”
The words intersected and have separated in modern English,
but it’s easy to see that
abstract applies to something that has been summarized,
and summarized means “extracted from a larger work.”
