2022-03-07
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - event & incident & episode
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง event = “ih-VENT”
ออกเสียง incident = “IN-si-duhnt”
ออกเสียง episode = “EP-uh-sohd” or “-zohd”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
event & incident & episode
Each of these words refers to something
that happens or is regarded as happening, to some action or occurrence.
An event is an important happening,
one connected with previous happenings:
“The principal event of the meeting was the report from the treasurer.”
“The historical events of the conflict are well established.”
An incident is a minor happening
that takes place in connection with
a more important event or series of occurrences:
“The groom’s dropping the ring was an amusing incident in the amusing incident in the wedding ceremony.”
An episode is one of a series of occurrences,
an action distinct from the main course of events
but nevertheless interesting in itself:
“His first trip to Europe was an exciting episode in the life of Senator Bottomley.”
Dictionary.com:
ORIGIN OF EVENT
First recorded in 1560–70; from Latin ēventus
“occurrence, outcome,” equivalent to ēven(īre)
“to come out, fall out, occur” + -tus suffix of verbal action
Dictionary.com:
ORIGIN OF INCIDENT
First recorded in 1375–1425; late Middle English, from Middle French, from Medieval Latin incident- (stem of incidēns “a happening,”
noun use of present participle of Latin verb incidere “to fall upon, befall”),
equivalent to Latin
in- in-2 + -cid- (combining form of cad- “fall”) + -ent- -ent;
see cadenza
Dictionary.com:
ORIGIN OF EPISODE
First recorded in 1670–80; from Greek epeisódion
“addition, parenthetic narrative, episode,”
noun use of neuter of epeisódios “coming in addition,”
equivalent to ep- ep- + eísod(os) “entrance”
(eis- “into” + (h)odós “road, way”) + -ios adjective suffix
Dictionary.com:
SYNONYM STUDY FOR EVENT
Event, Episode, Incident, Occurrence
are terms for a happening.
An event is usually an important happening:
historical events.
An episode is one of a series of happenings in a person's life or in a narrative:
an episode in one's life.
An incident is an event of usually minor importance:
an amusing incident in a play.
An occurrence is something that happens, often by surprise:
His arrival was an unexpected occurrence.
Dictionary.com:
MORE ABOUT EPISODE
What does episode mean?
Episode most generally
refers to a specific incident in a continuous series of events,
an occurrence of a recurring event, or an installment or entry in a series.
Episode is perhaps most popularly used in a more specific way
to refer to one of the parts that a TV series is divided into,
as in
I’ve seen every single episode of The Office.
Such episodes are often like chapters of a larger story,
though each one may be unrelated
other than being part of the same series.
This sense of the word
can also be applied to other forms of entertainment,
especially ones you watch or listen to,
such as podcasts, radio shows, or video series.
(In contrast, parts in a periodical series,
such as a comic book, aren’t commonly called episodes
but are instead referred to with other terms,
such as issue or edition.)
More generally, episode
can refer to a particular part of a story or narrative,
such as a scene or sequence within a novel.
In the context of real life,
the word episode can refer to a specific period in a person’s life,
especially one that’s distinct,
such as due to being a life-changing or defining experience,
as in
The year that we moved to a new city was one of the particularly memorable episodes of my childhood.
This sense of episode means
something like a chapter in the story of someone’s life.
The word can also refer to
an instance of experiencing something that’s recurring,
such as a medical or mental health issue,
as in The patient has a history of depressive episodes.
The adjective episodic can be used to describe things
that occur occasionally or things that are divided into episodes.
Example:
The show’s final episode is scheduled to air on Thursday night.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for event & incident & episode
Occurrence, Event, Incident, Episode, Circumstance
mean something that happens or takes place.
Occurrence may apply to a happening without intent, volition, or plan.
an encounter that was a chance occurrence
Event usually implies an occurrence of some importance and frequently one having antecedent cause.
the events following the assassination
Incidents uggests an occurrence of brief duration or secondary importance.
a minor wartime incident
Episode stresses the distinctiveness or apartness of an incident.
a brief romantic episode in a life devoted to work
Circumstance implies a specific detail attending an action or event as part of its setting or background.
couldn't recall the exact circumstances
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
'Accidental' vs. 'Incidental'
A word's meaning is no accident. Or is it?
What to Know
Accidental and incidental can both mean
"something happening by chance,"
but usage suggests that "accidental"
also implies an element of carelessness or inattention
while "incidental" implies the occurrence
would have happened with or without attention or care.
The words accident and incident are often confused, and for good reason.
They have intersecting histories,
both stemming from the same ultimate Latin root,
cadere, meaning “to fall,"
and their Latin antecedents had similar meanings:
accidere meant, among other things, “to fall down” and “to happen”
and incidere meant “to fall into” and (also) “to happen.”
Plus, they kind of sound alike.
Shared Origins of Accidental and Incidental
Both accident and incident were
formed from the present participles of the Latin verbs
(they could be roughly translated as “accidenting” and “incidenting”),
which became nouns in French before crossing into English in the 14th century.
The Germanic equivalent to “accidenting” would be befalling,
which gives us some perspective on how to understand
the original meaning of accident:
the verb befall is defined as “to happen especially as if by fate,”
and the obsolete noun befall is defined in the Oxford English Dictionary
as “a case, circumstance, incident, accident.”
The oldest meanings of accident are “a chance event”
or “something that was unforeseen and unplanned”
—which could also be described as “a happening” or “a befalling.”\
Accident and incident share the idea
of a sudden and unpleasant occurrence,
the former
usually referring directly to something that causes damage or injury,
the latter
referring to a specific moment or instance
of unpleasantness or unlawfulness:
a traffic accident
isolated incidents were reported
Separate Meanings
The words next go their separate ways.
Incident becomes more abstract in the language of diplomacy,
referring to something likely to have diplomatic consequences:
a border incident
Accident has a distinct abstract sense
referring to any fortuitous or nonessential property, fact, or circumstance:
an accident of birth
Among its more concrete set of meanings
is the all-too-concrete euphemistic use
when referring to the acts of babies and pets:
The puppy had an accident on the floor.
Subtle Differences
Their related adjectives pretty much stay in their lanes:
accidental refers to something happening by chance
(chance another word that descends from cadere),
but also sometimes implying inattention or carelessness:
an accidental discovery
the timing was accidental
an accidental fire
Incidental means “minor”
or, when it means “by chance”
or “without intention or calculation,”
the idea of carelessness is absent.
(Incident is also sometimes
used as an adjective in technical or legal contexts.)
incidental expenses
played an incidental role
an incidental finding
Language sometimes evolves in unpredictable and illogical ways.
The parallel noun forms incidence and accidence
have very imbalanced comparative usage,
with incidence a fairly common word
meaning “an occurrence or rate of occurrence”
(as in “a high incidence of crime”)
and accidence a rare one,
referring only to “a part of grammar that deals with inflections.”
So it might be said that all those irregular verb tenses
that require memorization when studying a new language
are the “unforeseen or unplanned” changes in a language's course
—accidents along the way in the history of a language.
Dictionary of Military and Associated Terms.
US Department of Defense 2005:
incident
In information operations,
an assessed event of attempted entry, unauthorized entry,
or an information attack on an automated information system.
It includes unauthorized probing and browsing;
disruption or denial of service;
altered or destroyed input, processing, storage, or output of information;
or changes to information system hardware, firmware,
or software characteristics
with or without the users' knowledge, instruction, or intent.
See also information operations.
Farlex Trivia Dictionary:
episode
- First a Greek dialogue between two songs,
it is from eis, "into," and hodos, "way."
See also related terms for songs.
Dictionary of Unfamiliar Words by Diagram Group:
Episode = An incident or group of incidents
forming a section of a story;
= one installment of a serialized story.