2022-03-06 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - et cetera & etc.

Revision E

2022-03-06

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - et cetera & etc.

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง et cetera & etc. = “et-SET-er-uh” or “et-SE-truh”

 

The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary:

et cetera & etc.

(i)      etc. is an abbreviation of the Latin et cetera 

          which means ‘and other things’.

          It is therefore incorrectto write ‘and etc.’.

 

(ii)     Avoid using ‘etc.’ in formal writing. 

          Either list all the items indicated by the vague and lazy ‘etc.’, 

          or introduce the given selection with a phrase 

          like ‘including’, ‘such as’ or ‘for example’.

 

Dictionary.com:

ORIGIN OF ET CETERA

First recorded 1100–50; late Old English, 

from Latin et cētera, equivalent to et “and” + cētera, 

accusative neuter plural of cēterus “the rest of, the remainder”

 

USAGE NOTE FOR ET CETERA

Et cetera ,a Latin phrase, appears in English writing 

most frequently in its abbreviated form, etc . 

This phrase is used frequently in technical and business writing,

somewhat less frequently in general informal writing, 

and sometimes in literary or formal writing. 

Expressions such as and so forth and and so on are useful substitutes. 

Because “and” is included in the meaning of et cetera , 

the expression and et cetera is redundant.

 

HOW TO PRONOUNCE ET CETERA

Pronunciations with [k] substituted for the first  [t]:  

[ek-set-er-uh], 

or  [ek-se-truh], 

although occasionallyused by educated speakers, 

are usually considered nonstandard.

 

Collins English Dictionary: 

Usage: 

It is unnecessary to use and before etc 

as etc (et cetera) already means and other things. 

 

The repetition of etc, 

as in he brought paper, ink, notebooks, etc, 

etc, is avoided except in informal contexts.

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Words at Play

Digging Up the Latin Roots of an Abbreviations

You know how to use them. But do you know where they come from?

6 Jan 2022

etc.

The Latin phrase et cetera has been 

used in English since the early Middle Ages 

and translates as "and others of the same kind"

or "and so forth." 

(Et means "and"; cētera means "the other, other part, that which remains.")

 Earliest print evidence of its common abbreviation, etc., 

is from the 15th century, and it is used after a partial list of things 

to indicate that many others of the same kind can be inferred 

("The zoo has lions, tigers, bears, etc."). 

Before the 20th century, the spelling &c. was also common;

the ampersand standing in for et, meaning "and." 

 

The phrase et cetera, as well as etcetera 

(which didn't start being used until the 16th century), 

is also applied to convey a number of 

unspecified additional persons or things. 

 

Here's a sampling from literature. 

At the upper end of the room was a table, with a white cloth upon it, 

well covered with a roast fowl, bacon, ale, and et ceteras.
— Charles Dickens, The Pickwick Papers, 1837

 

You're a very good old creature.… 

You're all affection and et cetera, ain't you?
— Charles Dickens, Dombey and Son, 1848

 

With great blandness he resumed the subject of his flowers; 

talked poetically and symbolically of their sweetness, perfume, purity, etcetera.
— Charlotte Brontë, Villette, 1853

 

The phrase and abbreviation

are pronounced with an initial \et\;

pronunciations beginning with \ek\ and \ik\ 

are regarded as nonstandard. 

Finally, when etc. is used 

at the end of a list in the middle of a sentence, 

it should be followed by a comma.

 

Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary:

usage: 

et cetera appears in English writing 

mostly in its abbreviated form, etc. 

The expression and et cetera is redundant.