2022-02-23 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - else & else's

Revision E

2022-02-23

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - else & else's

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง else = “ELS” 

ออกเสียง else's = “ELSs”

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:

else & else's

Else is an adjective meaning “other” or “different” or “more”

as in the statement “She wanted something else.”

 

Else can also be an adverb (Walk carefully on the ice or elseyou will slip), 

but it appears most often in compound pronouns 

such as somebody else, everybody else, and who else. 

 

In such constructions, 

the possessive is formed by adding an apostrophe and s to else: 

“She is someone else’s girl.” 

 

The construction is not entirely logical,

but it is idiomatically correct;

 

never say or write “someone’s else” “everybody’s else” or “anyone’s else.”

However, the possessive form of who else can be written 

as who else’s or whose else but not as whose else’s:

“Is this hat yours? Whose else (or who else’s) could it be?” 

 

 

Dictionary.com: & Random House Kernerman Webster's College Dictionary:

 

GRAMMAR NOTES FOR ELSE

The possessive forms of somebody else, everybody else, etc., are somebody else's, everybody else's, 

 

the forms somebody's else, everybody's else 

being considered nonstandard in present-day English. 

One exception is 

the possessive for who else, which is occasionally formed

as whose else when a noun does not immediately follow: 

Is this book yours? Whose else could it be? No, it's somebody else's.

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

History and Etymology for else

Adverb

Middle English elles, going back to Old English elles, 

adverbial use of genitive singular neuter of elle "other," 

going back to Germanic *alja- "other" 

(whence, with parallel formation, Old High German alles, elles "else," Gothic aljis), going back to Indo-European *h2el-i̯o-,

 whence also Latin alius "other," Old Irish aile, Middle Welsh eil "second," Greek állos "other," Armenian ayl, Tocharian B allek "other, another"

 

NOTE: Excepting the frozen genitival constructions

represented by Old English elles (cf. owiht elles, elles awiht, 

literally "aught of other" = "aught else"), 

the pronoun *alja- is marginally attested in Germanic languages 

outside of compounds (as Old English elcor, ellicor "else," 

Old High German ellihor "further," Old Norse elligar, ellar, ella "otherwise") 

and the initial element el- "other, foreign" 

(cf. Old English eleland "foreign country," 

Old High German elilenti "foreign").

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:

Usage Note: 

Else is often used redundantly in combination with prepositions 

such as but, except, and besides. 

The sentence 

No one else but Sam saw the accident would thus be better without else. 

 

· When a pronoun is followed by else, 

the possessive form is generally written with the 's following else:

That must be someone else's (not someone's else) book. 

 

Both who else's and whose else are in use, 

but not whose else's: 

Who else's book could it have been? Whose else could it have been? ·

Sometimes the or is dropped from or else 

so that else functions as a conjunction, 

as in George Eliot's 

"My brother is poor, and I want to look as much like him as I can, else he may feel distant from me." 

This usage is rare in Standard American English, however, 

and sounds informal or dialectal. 

See Usage Note at who.

 

Collins COBUID English Dictionary: 

else

1. used with 'someone', 'somewhere', and 'anything'

You use else after words such as someone, somewhere, or anything 

to refer to another person, place, or thing, without saying which one.

She had borrowed someone else's hat.

Let's go somewhere else.

I had nothing else to do.

 

2. used with wh-words

You can use else after most wh-words.

For example, if you ask 

'What else did they do?', 

you are asking what other things were done besides the things that have already been mentioned.

What else do I need to do?

Who else was there?

Why else would he be so angry?

Where else could they live in such comfort?

How else was I to explain what had happened?

Don't use 'else' after 'which'.

 

3. 'or else'

Or else is a conjunction with a similar meaning to or. 

You use it to introduce the second of two possibilities.

She is either very brave or else she must be very stupid.

It's likely that someone gave her a lift, or else that she took a taxi.

 

You also use or else when you are saying that 

something bad will happen if someone does not do a particular thing.

We need to hurry or else we'll be late.