2022-02-21 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - elicit & illicit
2022-02-21
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – E - elicit & illicit
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง elicit & illicit = ‘ih-LIS-it”
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary:
elicit & illicit
The lawyer tries to elicit a description of the attacker from the witness.
“Elicit” is always a verb.
“Illicit,” in contrast, is always an adjective
describing something illegal or naughty.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for elicit
Educe, Evoke, Elicit, Extract, Extort
mean to draw out something hidden, latent, or reserved.
Educe implies the bringing out of something potential or latent.
educed order out of chaos
Evoke implies a strong stimulus that arouses an emotion or an interest or recalls an image or memory.
a song that evokes warm memories
Elicit usually implies some effort or skill in drawing forth a response.
careful questioning elicited the truth
Extract implies the use of force or pressure in obtaining answers or information.
extracted a confession from him
Extort suggests a wringing or wresting from one who resists strongly.
extorted their cooperation by threatening to inform
The Latin Roots of Elicit
Elicit derives from the past participle of the Latin verb
elicere, formed by combining the prefix e- (meaning "away")
with the verb lacere, meaning "to entice by charm or attraction."
It is not related to its near-homophone, the adjective illicit
—that word, meaning "unlawful," traces back to another Latin verb,
licēre, meaning "to be permitted."
Nor is elicit related to the verb solicit,
even though it sounds like it should be.
Solicit derives from Latin sollicitare ("to disturb"),
formed by combining the adjective sollus, meaning "whole,"
with the past participle of the verb ciēre, meaning "to move."
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Illicit and Elicit
Illicit, while not exactly an everyday word,
is far more common than its antonym, licit
("not forbidden by law, permissible").
Perhaps this is a function of our oft-noted fascination
with bad behavior and boredom with rectitude.
In any case, illicit may be used of behavior
that is either unlawful or immoral.
These categories frequently overlap,
but they are not always synonymous,
as someunlawful activities (illicit cigarette smoking)
may not be considered immoral,
while some immoral activities (an illicit affair) are not illegal.
Illicit is occasionally confused with elicit
because of the similarity in their pronunciations,
but the two words have decidedly different meanings and functions:
in contemporary English,
elicit is a verb meaning "to get (a response, information, etc.) from someone,"
while illicit appears solely as an adjective.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
The Difference Between 'Elicit' and 'Illicit'
A tale of a verb and an adjective that sound alike but have nothing to do with one another
What to Know
While they may sound and look similar,
illicit is an adjective describing something that is illegal or not permitted, while elicit is a verb meaning "to bring forth a reaction or response."
Elicit can be traced back to lacere, which means "to allure,"
while illicit is related to licēre, which means "to be permitted."
Say them fast—or even slow
—in isolation, and no one will know which one you mean.
Elicit and illicit both rhyme with the likes of explicit and complicit.
But beyond being auditorily indistinguishable,
they are used very differently.
Usage of 'Illicit'
Illicit is an adjective applied to no-nos.
It's used to talk about things people aren't supposed to do.
Something illicit is not permitted especially because it is illegal:
The word is also sometimes used to evoke
a mood related to what is not permitted:
But, like its synonym unlawful,
illicit also describes what may be legal
but is still otherwise not permitted,
especially because it is outside moral norms:
Usage of 'Elicit'
Elicit, on the other hand, is a verb.
In contemporary English it's used to talk about
calling forth or drawing out a response or reaction from someone:
The word's original meaning,
"to draw or bring out (something latent or potential),"
is less common but is still current:
Origins of 'Illicit' and 'Elicit'
The Latin ancestors of this pair are easy to confuse too.
Elicit comes from elicitus,
illicit from illicitus.
But going back just a little further,
we find that elicit traces back beyond elicitus to lacere,
meaning "to allure," while illicitus comes ultimately from licēre, meaning "to be permitted."
(Licēre has another English descendant in licit,
meaning "permitted by law"—sensibly, an antonym to illicit.)
And there we have it:
two words that sound the same and look similar,
but that have very different uses.
Remember that illicit is an adjective
and elicit is a verb and you'll be safe. Right?
Well, uh, not quite.
Though we won't go so far as to say that
the language is intentionally obstreperous,
it's almost like the distinction was too neat for English to bear:
it turns out that elicit exists in adjectival form as well,
albeit in an archaic adjectival form.
Elicit as an adjective describes an act that proceeds from the will:
The elicit act is contrasted with the imperate one,
which is commanded rather than chosen.
We understand if this last bit of information
elicits sighs and moans from our readers,
but we accept no blame for the language's intractability.
Abused, Confused, & Misused Words by Mary Embree:
illicit
= not legally permitted;
= unlicensed; unlawful:
Illicit drugs are rampant in the city.
Not to be confused with:
elicit – to draw or bring out; educe; evoke:
Your story elicits memories of my childhood.
illicit
= not legally permitted or authorized: an illicit attempt to control the market;
= unlicensed; prohibited; not permitted by custom;
= disapproved of or not permitted for moral or ethical reasons
Not to be confused with:
illegal – forbidden by law or statute:
an illegal U-turn;
= forbidden by official rules or regulations:
an illegal block (in football);
= something that is unacceptable to
or not performed by a computer:
an illegal operation
illegitimate – born out of wedlock:
an illegitimate child;
= not sanctioned by law or custom:
an illegitimate action;
= not in proper grammatical usage
unlawful - contrary to law:
unlawful search and seizure;
= born out of wedlock
[All of the above describe actions that are not in accord with the law.
However, there are some differences in meaning among the words.
Illegal refers most specifically to violations of statutes or codified rules:
illegal seizure of property.
Illegitimate means lacking legal or traditional rights:
illegitimate use of privileged information.
Illicit most often applies to matters regulated by law
with emphasis on the way things are carried out:
illicit conversion of property.
Unlawful means not sanctioned by law:
an unlawful claim to an inheritance.]
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