2022-02-08 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - direct & directly

Revision D

2022-02-08

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - direct & directly

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง direct = “dih-REKT” or “dahy-REKT”

ออกเสียง directly = ‘dih-REKT-lee” or dahy-REKT-lee”

 

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:

direct & directly

As an adjective, direct means “straight,” 

“by the shortest course,” 

“not turning aside”: 

“This is a direct route to the house.”

As an adverb, direct is interchangeable with directly 

when used in this sense (“in a straight line”) 

and when it means “without anything intervening": 

“The team went directly (or direct) to the locker room.”

“These vegetables came directly (or direct) from a nearby farm.”

But one cannot say “I was direct concerned” 

or “I will be there direct.”

In the first sentence, use directly or immediately or clearly.

In the second, say directly or soon or immediately or even in a short time.

 

Dictionary.com:

SYNONYM STUDY FOR DIRECT

Direct, order, command 

mean to issue instructions. 

Direct suggests also giving explanations or advice; 

the emphasis is not on the authority of the director, 

but on steps necessary for the accomplishing of a purpose. 

 

Order connotes a personal relationship in which one in a superior position imperatively instructs a subordinate to do something. 

 

Command, less personal and, often, less specific in detail, suggests greater formality and, sometimes, a more fixed authority on the part of the superior.

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Choose the Right Synonym for direct

Verb

Command, Order, Bid, Enjoin, Direct, Instruct, Charge 

mean to issue orders.

Command and Order imply authority and usually some degree of formality and impersonality. 

Command stresses official exercise of authority.  

a general commanding troops

Order may suggest peremptory or arbitrary exercise.  

ordered his employees about

Bid suggests giving orders peremptorily (as to children or servants).  

she bade him be seated

Enjoin implies giving an order or direction authoritatively and urgently and often with admonition or solicitude.  

a sign enjoining patrons to be quiet

Direct and Instruct both connote expectation of obedience and usually concern specific points of procedure or method,

Instruct sometimes implying greater explicitness or formality.  

directed her assistant to hold all calls   

the judge instructed the jury to ignore the remark

Charge adds to Enjoin an implication of imposing as a duty or responsibility.  

charged by the President with a secret mission 

 

Conduct, Manage, Control, Direct 

mean to use one's powers to lead,guide, or dominate.

Conduct implies taking responsibility for the acts and achievements of a group.  

conducted negotiations

Manage implies direct handling and manipulating or maneuvering toward a desired result.  

manages a meat market

Control implies a regulating or restraining in order to keep within bounds or on a course.  

controlling his appetite

Direct implies constant guiding and regulating so as to achieve smooth operation.  

directs the store's day-to-day business 

 

Collins COBUILD English Usage:

directly & direct

1. 'directly' and 'direct': giving, receiving, and communicating

If one thing or person interacts directly with another thing or person, 

there is nothing or nobody between them.

We deal directly with our suppliers.

Plants get their energy directly from the sun.

I shall be writing to you directly in the next few days.

Instead of saying that you receive something 'directly' from someone, 

you can say that you receive it direct from them.

Other money comes direct from industry.

Similarly, instead of saying that one person writes 'directly' to another,

you can say that they write direct to them.

I should have written direct to the manager.

 

2. 'directly' and 'direct': movement

If you go directly to a place, you go there by the shortest possible route,

 without stopping anywhere else.

I spent a few days in New York, then went directly to my apartment in Cardiff-by-the-Sea.

You can also say that someone goes direct to a place.

Why hadn't he gone direct to his office?

Be Careful!
If you can travel to a place by one plane, train, or bus, 

without changing to another plane, train, or bus, 

don't say that you can go there 'directly'. 

You say that you can go there direct.

You can't go to Manchester direct. 

You have to change trains at Birmingham.

 

3. 'directly': looking at something

If you look straight at a person or thing, 

you can say that you are looking directly at them.

She turned her head and looked directly at them.

Be Careful!
Don't use 'direct' with this meaning.

 

4. 'directly': position

If something 

is directly above, below, opposite, or in front of something else, 

it is exactly in that position.

The sun was almost directly overhead.

I took a seat directly opposite the governor.

Be Careful!
Don't use 'direct' with this meaning.

 

5. 'directly': saying when something happens

If something happens directly after something else, 

it happens immediately after it.

Directly after the meeting, a senior cabinet minister spoke to the BBC.

In British English (but not American English), 

directly is also used as a conjunction 

to say that one thing happens immediately after another.

Directly he heard the door close, he picked up the telephone.

Be Careful!
Don't use 'direct' with this meaning.