2022-02-06 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - dialogue discuss

Revision D

2022-02-06

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - dialogue discuss

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น 

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

 

Dictionary.com:

ออกเสียง dialogue or dialog = “DAHY-uh-lawg”

ออกเสียง discuss = ‘dih-SKUHS”

 

The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary:

dialogue & discuss 

“Dialogue” as a verb in sentences like 

“the Math Department will dialogue with the Dean about funding” 

is commonly used jargon in business and education settings; 

but abhorred by traditionalists.

Say "have a dialogue” or “discuss” instead.

 

Dictionary.com:

3 Easy Tips For Writing Realistic Dialectsin Your Dialogue

Published February 24, 2017

Dialects are unique ways that people speak within a language. 

They may be distinguished 

by special grammar, words, sentence structure, and pronunciation.

 

Dialects may emerge in languages 

due to differences among regions, classes, or ethnic backgrounds. 

Many writers use dialects to enhance realism in their stories, 

especially for characters in specific locations.

 

However, it’s easy to overuse or misuse dialects if you aren’t careful. 

To use them correctly, 

there are a few guidelines to keep in mind.

1. Know the dialect

American and British English each have many dialects. 

 

Although dialects deviate from standard language, 

they do have their own rules of grammar. 

People grow up learning their regional or ethnic dialects

as their normal speech. 

 

Writers who imitate dialects 

need to really know the dialects they’re using.

They need to be aware of the ways 

in which specific dialects are different from standard speech. 

 

They should also be sensitive to these differences, 

and avoid making a parody of both the dialect and those who speak it.

 

Dialect is so important in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 

for example, that Mark Twain explains it in an introductory note: 

“The shadings have not been done in a haphazard fashion, or by guesswork; but painstakingly, and with the trustworthy guidance and support of personal familiarity with these several forms of speech.”

 

2. Use moderation

Although writers should have 

a thorough knowledge of the dialects they use, 

they shouldn’t attempt to render them exactly as people speak them. 

Precise phonetic duplication of dialects can cause confusion. 

 

Readers may give up if they find it too difficult 

to understand what characters are saying. 

Instead, it’s best to make a few key changes to

standard speech to suggest a dialect. 

At the same time, 

you should maintain the narrative rhythm of your sentences.

 

Changes in syntax (or “sentence structure”) can suggest dialect. 

Writers can also hint at dialect with unusual variations in grammar.

 

For instance, the first sentence 

in The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is 

“You don’t know about me without you have read a book by the name of The Adventures of Tom Sawyer; but that ain’t no matter.”

 

The unusual syntax and grammar here

reflect the speech patterns of the American South. 

Despite the variations from standard speech, 

the passage is easy to read. 

Readers also begin to understand the character of Huckleberry Finn from his voice.

 

Unusual words and intentional misspellings can also bring out dialects. 

In the example above, 

Huck says that ain’t no matter instead of that isn’t important. 

In another part of the book, Twain writes sivilize instead of civilize. 

Because Twain follows standard English spelling and vocabulary rules 

in most of the novel, these differences grab readers’ attention.

 

3. Have characters speak differently

If everyone speaking in a piece of writing 

uses dialect exactly the same way, 

the writer risks creating stereotypes or caricatures instead of real characters. 

Instead, characters should have unique ways of speaking that set them apart.

In The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, 

Huck and his companion, Jim, are easy to distinguish. 

Jim says, “We’s safe, Huck! We’s safe! Jump up and crack yo’ heels. Dat’s de good ole Cairo at las’, I jis knows it.” 

Huck replies, “I’ll take the canoe and go see, Jim. It mightn’t be, you know.”

You can tell by the way they speak that they’re clearly different people.

 

Because dialects are very personal and special things for many people, 

it’s important to handle them with care. 

These are some best practices, and can help you to create unique and realistic characters. 

The rest is up to your best judgement. You got this.

 

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language:

di′a·log′uer n.

Usage Note: 

Although use of the verb dialogue meaning 

"to engage in an exchange of views" is widespread, 

the Usage Panel has little affection for it. 

In our 2009 survey, 80 percent of the Panel rejected the sentence 

The department was remiss in not trying to dialogue with representatives of the community before hiring new officers. 

This represents some erosion of the 98 percent 

who rejected this example in 1988, but resistance is still very strong. 

A number of Panelists felt moved to comment on the ugliness or awkwardness of the construction.

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Dialectic: Logic Through Conversation

Dialectic is a term used in philosophy, 

and the fact that 

it is closely connected to the ideas of Socrates and Plato is completely logical—even from an etymological point of view. 

 

Plato’s famous dialogues frequently presented Socrates 

playing a leading role, and dialogue comes from the Greek roots dia- (“through” or “across”) 

and -logue (“discourse” or “talk”). 

Dialect and dialectic come from dialecktos (“conversation” or “dialect”) 

and ultimately back to the Greek word dialegesthai, meaning “to converse.”

 

Conversation or dialogue was indeed at the heart of the 

“Socratic method,” through which Socrates would ask 

probing questions which cumulatively 

revealed his students’ unsupported assumptions and misconceptions. 

 

The goal, according to the definition in our Unabridged Dictionary, 

was to “elicit a clear and consistent expression of something 

supposed to be implicitly known by all rational beings.”

 

Other philosophers had specific uses of the term dialectic, 

including Aristotelianism, Stoicism, Kantianism, Hegelianism, and Marxism. 

Asking a series of questions was considered 

by Socrates a method of “giving birth” to the truth, 

and a related word, maieutic,

defined as “relating to or resembling the Socratic method of eliciting new ideas from another,” comes from the Greek word meaning “of midwifery.”

 

Dictionary.com:

WHEN TO USE

What are other ways to say discuss?

To discuss something is to consider or examine it 

by argument or comment. 

How does discuss compare to argue and debate?

 

MORE ABOUT DISCUSS

What does discuss mean?

Discuss means to have a conversation about 

or talk about a particular topic, 

especially to examine it more closely, debate it, or figure out a solution.

 

You can discuss something with another person or multiple people, 

or you can discuss something by talking or writing about it for an audience. 

Discuss tends to be used in contexts in which the topic is at least somewhat serious. The noun form of discuss is discussion.

Example: 

Listen, class, the purpose of breaking into small groups is to discuss your projects—not to chat about your personal life.

 

Where does discuss come from?

The first records of discuss come from the 1300s. 

It comes from the Latin word discussus, meaning 

“struck apart,” “shaken,” or “scattered.” 

Discussus derives from the Latin verb discutere,

which is formed from the prefix dis-, meaning “apart,” 

and cutere, a form of the verb quatere, “to shake” or “to strike.”

This origin provides a great image

for what it means to discuss something. 

 

When two or more people discuss something, 

they are often said to be hashing it out, 

meaning they are laying out all the issues and perhaps analyzing 

and even debating each one. 

This is done

so that everyone in the conversation has the same information, 

and especially so that they can come to a conclusion about 

or a solution for the thing being discussed. 

To discuss something in this way is synonymous 

with the term talk it over.

 

But you can also discuss a topic without having a conversation. 

Discuss can simply mean 

“to talk or write about a particular topic (for a perceived or real audience),” as in 

During this presentation, I will discuss the long-term effects of reading to children 

or The cases discussed in this paper are all related. 

 

In all cases, using the word discuss usually implies 

that the topic is at least somewhat serious, formal, or academic.

 

Discuss also has a few more specific but much less common uses 

that relate to the collection of debt. 

Very rarely, discuss can also mean “to eat or drink enthusiastically.”

 

Merriam-Webster Dictionary:

Choose the Right Synonym for discuss

Discuss, Argue, Debate

mean to discourse about in order to reach conclusions or to convince.

Discuss implies a sifting of possibilities especially by presenting considerations pro and con.  

discussed the need for a new highway

Argue implies the offering of reasons or evidence in support of convictions already held.  

argued that the project would be too costly

Debate suggests formal or public argument between opposing parties  

debated the merits of the amendment; 

it may also apply to deliberation with oneself.  

I'm debating whether I should go 

 

Collins COBUILD English Usage:

discuss

If you discuss something with someone, 

you talk to them seriously about it.

She could not discuss his school work with him.

We need to discuss what to do.

We discussed whether to call the police.

Be Careful!
Discuss is always followed by a direct object, a wh-clause, 

or a whether-clause. 

Don't say, for example, 

'I discussed with him' 

or 'They discussed'.