2022-02-02
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – D - defective & deficient & efficient
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง defective = “dih-FEK-tiv”
ออกเสียง deficient = “dih-FISH-uhnt”
ออกเสียง efficient = ”ih-FISH-uhnt”
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions:
defective & deficient
The first of these terms should be related to defect,
the second todeficit.
For example,
money that is counterfeit is defective because of itsdefect.
Money is deficient if there is not enough of it.
Defect is the general word for any kind of imperfection or short coming; deficit is the general word for “shortage” or “lack.”
Thus one might refer to a child
as being “mentally deficient” (lacking normal intelligence”)
and “physically defective” (“imperfect in hearing or speech”).
Dictionary.com:
WHEN TO USE
What are other ways to say efficient?
A person or a thing that is efficient
performs or functions in the best possible manner
with the least waste of time and effort.
But efficient isn’t quite the same
as effectual, efficacious, or effective!
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Choose the Right Synonym for efficient
Effective, Effectual, Efficient, Efficacious
mean producing or capable of producing a result.
Effective stresses the actual production of
or the power to produce an effect.
an effective rebuttal
Effectual suggests the accomplishment of a desired result
especially as viewed after the fact.
the measures to stop the pilfering proved effectual
Efficient suggests an acting or a potential
for action or use in such a way as to avoid loss or waste of energy
in effecting, producing, or functioning.
an efficient small car
Efficacious suggests possession of a special quality or virtue that gives effective power.
a detergent that is efficacious in removing grease
Comparing Efficient, Effective, and Proficient
These three words cover some overlapping territory.
Efficient most often describes
what is capable of producing desired results
without wasting materials, time, or energy.
While the word can be applied to both people and things,
it is far more commonly applied to things,
such as machines, systems, processes, and organizations.
The focus of the word is on how little is wasted or lost
while the desired results are produced.
Effective typically describes things
—such as policies, treatments, arguments, and techniques
—that do what they are intended to do.
People can also be described as effective
when they accomplish what they set out to accomplish,
but the word is far more often applied to things.
Proficient typically describes people,
and it often is followed by the preposition at.
If you are proficient at something, you are very good at it.
You are, in fact, so good at doing it
that you are unusually efficient when you do it.
One can also be proficient in something, such as a language.
Collins COBUILD English Usage:
effective – efficient
1. 'effective'
If someone or something is effective,
they do something well and produce the results that were intended.
We need effective street lighting.
Simple antibiotics are effective against this virus.
She was very effective in getting people to communicate.
2. 'efficient'
If someone or something is efficient,
they do a job well and successfully, without wasting time or energy.
You need a highly efficient production manager
if you want to reduce costs.
Engines and cars can be made more efficient.
Be Careful!
Effective and efficient are often confused,
but they have slightly different meanings.
If you are effective, you do a job properly;
if you are efficient, you do it quickly and easily.
Doing research at the library can be effective, but using the internet is often more efficient.
