2022-01-27 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C - consonant
2022-01-27
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน - Set – C - consonant
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Dictionary.com:
ออกเสียง consonant = “KON-suh-nuhnt”
The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary:
consonant
There are 21 consonants in the alphabet,
all the letters except for the vowels:
bcdfghjklmnpqrstvwxyz
Note, however, that y can be both a vowel and a consonant:
y is a consonant when it begins a word or a syllable (yolk, beyond);
y is a vowel when it sounds like i or e (sly, baby)
Dictionary.com:
consonant
How To Help Early Readers
With The Different Types Of Syllables And Vowels
Published January 13, 2020
When they are learning to read,
children are often taught about syllables first.
Having a firm understanding of how many syllables
appear in each word and how each of those syllables
is pronounced makes the introduction to reading a little bit easier.
If children know how to identify the syllables in a word,
they can break longer multisyllabic words
up into smaller, more manageable segments
that are easier to sound out.
In fact, breaking words up into individual syllables
is so beneficial to pronouncing them
that you may have noticed this practice outside of the classroom as well.
(Hint: it is how each word in the dictionary is broken up.)
What is a syllable?
A syllable is the uninterrupted segment of speech
that can be found in a single word,
which consists of a vowel sound
(but not always a vowel, like in the word psst),
a diphthong, or a syllabic consonant.
A syllable may or may not include the preceding
or following consonant sounds as well.
All this is a technical way of saying a syllable is one unit
of sound, and it can be composed of
a variety of combinations of vowel and consonants.
For example,
through and thought both have one syllable,
but thought includes two consonant sounds
before and after the vowel sound.
Knowing which type of syllable each segment contains
gives kids an indication of how each portion of the word should sound.
The same can be said
for the importance of understanding vowels.
Knowing the different sounds they make,
especially in relation to the letters that surround them,
can help young readers sound out new words phonetically.
Breaking down the seven different types of syllables
The easiest way to teach someone to count
how many syllables are in a word
is to have them hold their hand under their chin
and count how many times their jaw drops down to touch their hand.
Tiger, for example, will make their jaw drop twice: ti-ger.
While the word refrigerator will make their jaw drop five times:
re-frig-er-a-tor.
There are seven types of syllables:
1. Closed:
when the syllable ends in a consonant,
it gives the vowel a short sound.
In the examples of bat and rat,
each syllable ends in a T, making the A sound like ah.
2. Open:
when the syllable ends in a single vowel,
it gives the vowel a long sound.
With a single syllable word like fly,
the syllable ends in the vowel Y.
In a two syllable words like tiger (ti-ger),
the first syllable is open,
giving it the long sound tahy (as in eye).
3. Magic E:
when the syllable has
a long vowel/consonant but ends in a silent E.
In the word take (which has just one syllable),
the E at the end of the word makes the A sound like ey (teyk).
4. R-Controlled:
when the vowel(s) in a syllable is followed by the letter R,
it allows the vowel to be “controlled”
by the sound the R makes when added to it.
Say the word star, and then say the word stab.
See how the two A’s sound different?
That is the R controlling how you are pronouncing it.
Arrrrre you with me?
5. Diphthong:
when two vowels create a whole new sound
by being next to one another, like two vowels sounds blended.
Diphthongs include letter combinations like oi, oy, oo, ou, ow, au, and ew.
Cloud, annoy, pout, and cause are all examples of sounds
that are changed by their neighboring vowels.
Don’t believe me?
Try saying the words stop and loud
while paying attention to both the way your mouth moves
and the way the O sound changes.
6. Consonant-L-E:
when the final syllable is made up of a consonant and -le combination.
Rubble (rub-ble), maple (ma-ple), and circle (cir-cle) are all examples
where the word ends in a syllable that contains the consonant
(like the B in rubble, the P in maple, and the C in circle).
7. Vowel Team:
when two vowels are next to each other,
but make a single vowel sound like ai, ea, oa, ee, ay, and oe.
Pie is a good example
where there are two vowels, the I and E,
but you only hear one sound.
What is a vowel?
A vowel is the sound you make while speaking
that neither directs nor obstructs the constant flow of air from your lungs.
It is different from a consonant,
where the sound can be made with or without
changing the flow of air from your lungs.
Try saying O like ooooh
(which feels like pushing air out of your lungs in a constant stream) vs. H,
which involves a little more work from both your lungs and your tongue.
There are six vowels: A, E, I, O, U and sometimes Y.
Why sometimes Y?
Because sometimes it sounds like fellow vowels A, E, and I
depending on where it sits,
and what letter it sits next to, in a word.
When Y is in the beginning or middle of a word,
it is more likely to be considered a consonant
(as in the words yes and beyond, where the Y sounds like a Y).
When the letter Y appears towards the middle or end of a word,
it is more likely to be considered a vowel
(like in the words gym and cry, where the Y sounds more like an I).
Merriam-Webster Dictionary:
Usage Notes
The Truth About 'Y': It's Mostly a Vowel
We need 'y' to be a consonant, but it acts more like a vowel.
By first grade,
we were taught that the letters a, e, i, o, u, and sometimes y are vowels.
Most of us probably accepted what we were told
(it was just another "rule" we had to follow),
and never questioned why that last part was true
(there were other things to wonder about, like snack time).
Additionally, we unconditionally accepted
that the other 20 letters in the English alphabet were strictly consonants.
To most, those vowels and consonants were just letters,
but to that first grader who aspired to be a linguist,
they were more than merely lines on a page.
Technically, the terms vowel and consonant (from Latin vocalis,
meaning "vocal," and Latin consonare, "to sound together")
refer to particular speech sounds:
a vowel is one made with your mouth open
and your tongue in the middle of your mouth
not touching your teeth, lips, etc.
(in other words,
there's minimal manipulation of air flow while expelling a vowel sound);
a consonant, on the other hand, is one (such as \p\, \d\, or \s\)
that is made by partly or completely
stopping the flow of air breathed out
from the mouth with the tongue, teeth, lips, etc.
What is special about the letter y is that
it can represent both kinds of speech sounds
—depending on
its position and the letters surrounding it in a word.
Y is considered to be a vowel if…..
In such cases, the letter y is pronounced
as either the long vowel e or short or long i
(usually as a long i when ending a word)
—and, for all intents and purposes, it is a vowel.
When y forms a diphthong
—two vowel sounds joined in one syllable to form one speech sound,
such as the "oy" in toy, "ay" in day, and "ey" in monkey
—it is also regarded as a vowel.
Typically, y represents a consonant
when it starts off a word or syllable,
as in yard, lawyer, or beyond.
Technically, this sound of \y\ is considered a semivowel or glide,
which is a less prominent vowel speech sound
that occurs in the articulation of two consecutive vowel sounds
unequal in prominence.
For example,
there's a very brief long e sound when articulating \y\ in yes.
Air flow is not impeded in sounding \y\
(if it was y would be a true consonant);
however, the mouth is not opened as fully as
in articulating the vowel \y\ in early.
The result is a vowel-like consonant.
Linguistically,
the "sometimes" part of the grade-school lesson doesn't make sense,
since the letter y is more commonly pronounced as a vowel.
But its consonant sound is unique,
and that seems to be why y is more often considered to be a consonant and only "sometimes" a vowel.
In other words,
we need y more as a consonant in the English language than a vowel.
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