2022-01-01
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – B – bring & take
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง bring = ‘BRING’
ออกเสียง take = ‘TEYK’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR BRING
Bring, fetch, take
imply conveying or conducting in relation to
the place where the speaker is.
To bring is simply to convey or conduct:
Bring it to me. I'm permitted to bring my dog here with me.
It is the opposite of take,
which means to convey or conduct away from
the place where the speaker is:
Bring it back here. Take it back there.
Fetch means to go, get, and bring back:
Fetch me that bottle.
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
Bring
Usage Note:
The difference between bring and take is one of perspective.
Bring indicates motion toward the place
from which the action is regarded
—typically, toward the speaker—
while take indicates motion away from the place
from which the action is regarded—typically away from the speaker.
Thus, from a customer's perspective,
the customer takes checks to the bank and brings home cash,
while from the banker's perspective
the customer brings checks to the bank in order to take away cash.
When the point of reference is not the place of speaking itself,
either verb is possible,
but the correct choice still depends on the desired perspective.
For example,
The labor leaders brought their requests to the mayor's office
suggests a point of view centered around the mayor's office,
while The labor leaders took their requests to the mayor's office
suggests a point of view centered around the labor leaders.
Be aware that the choice of bring or take
determines the point of view emphasized.
For example, a parent sitting at home may say of a child,
She always takes a pile of books home with her from school,
describing the situation from the child's viewpoint leaving school.
If the viewpoint shifts to the speaker,
bring becomes appropriate,
as in Look, I see her coming right now, and she's bringing a whole armful of books!
Common Errors in English Usage Dictionary
Bring & take
When you are viewing the movement of something
from the point of arrival, use “bring”:
“When you come to the potluck, please bring a green salad.”
Viewing things from the point of departure,
you should use “take“:
“When you go to the potluck, take a bottle of wine.”
Collins COBUILD English Usage
1. 'bring'
If you bring someone or something with you when you come to a place,
you have them with you.
He would have to bring Judy with him.
Please bring your calculator to every lesson.
The past tense and -ed participle of bring is brought.
My secretary brought my mail to the house.
I've brought you a present.
If you ask someone to bring you something,
you are asking them to carry or move it to the place where you are.
Can you bring me some water?
2. 'take'
If you take someone or something to a place,
you carry or drive them there.
The past tense form of take is took. The -ed participle is taken.
He took the children to school.
If you take someone or something with you when you go to a place,
you have them with you.
She gave me some books to take home.
Don't forget to take your umbrella.
3. 'fetch'
If you fetch something,
you go to the place where it is and return with it.
I went and fetched another glass.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for take
Verb
TAKE, SEIZE, GRASP, CLUTCH, SNATCH, GRAB
mean to get hold of by or as if by catching up with the hand.
TAKE is a general term applicable to any manner of getting something into one's possession or control.
take some salad from the bowl
SEIZE implies a sudden and forcible movement
in getting hold of something tangible
or an apprehending of something fleeting or elusive when intangible.
seized the suspect
GRASP stresses a laying hold so as to have firmly in possession.
grasp the handle and pull
CLUTCH suggests avidity or anxiety in seizing or grasping and may imply less success in holding.
clutching her purse
SNATCH suggests more suddenness or quickness but less force than SEIZE.
snatched a doughnut and ran
GRAB implies more roughness or rudeness than SNATCH.
grabbed roughly by the arm
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Bring' vs. 'Take'
We can bring it if you can take it.
Bring and take are sometimes used in the same contexts,
which makes people who feel strongly about such things
very uncomfortable.
Just what is the deal with bring and take?
Sometimes where we apply one or the other
is clear to any native speaker:
Bring me that dictionary, please.
We wouldn't say "take me that dictionary"
because the word for carrying something toward the speaker
(or other place from which the action is being regarded) is bring.
Likewise, we have:
Take that other, inferior dictionary away, please.
We wouldn't say "bring that other dictionary away"
because the word for carrying something along to another place is take.
But what about an excellent dictionary destined
to be carried along to another place by the speaker?
I'm going to take this dictionary to my favorite pub
—they should have one at the bar.
OR:
I'm going to bring this dictionary to my favorite pub
—they should have one at the bar.
Either of those is likely to come from the mouth of a native speaker interested in dictionary access at pubs. But is one correct?
The people who feel strongly about bring and take
will tell you with some vehemence that, yes,
the first is correct and the second is not.
They will tell you that bring implies movement toward the speaker, while take implies movement away.
If the destination of the dictionary is a pub
where I currently am not,
I can only take the dictionary there; I cannot bring it.
But while it's true that we use bring for motion towards ("bring it here") and take for motion away ("take it away"),
native speakers of English also use bring and take
in cases irrespective of motion.
Sometimes, it's unclear what the direction of the motion is.
If you're to be the dictionary-bearer in someone's stead,
you will deliver the dictionary they're giving you to your favorite pub,
which means that the dictionary is moving toward you initially,
but then you and the dictionary are moving away
from wherever you are as you proceed to the pub.
They can reasonably ask you to bring or take the dictionary with you.
The goings-on in the speaker's mind also come into play.
If you're looking forward to your next pub visit
and intend to find a place there for a pristine copy of Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary,
you may murmur to yourself, "Don't forget to bring the dictionary."
In your mind you're already on the way to the pub,
and imagining yourself seated at the bar
(recognizing once again how improved the situation would be if there were a copy of a quality dictionary there for company).
You could likewise murmur,
"Don't forget to take the dictionary,"
the journey to the pub not yet being undertaken in your mind.
While those who feel strongly about such things
would denounce the first murmuration as a linguistic travesty,
its use of bring dates back at least as far as the Bard himself.
In summary:
While bring often implies movement toward the speaker,
and take often implies movement away from the speaker,
either word is used when it's unclear or unimportant
what the direction of the motion is:
"Bring the Merriam-Webster dictionary with you to the pub" and
"Take the Merriam-Webster dictionary with you to the pub"
are both perfectly acceptable.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words We're Watching
Spit Take
Don't drink anything while reading this
Update: This word was added in April 2019
The act itself is familiar to anyone who's ever watched comedy:
One character takes a swig or bite of something just as
another character says or does something shocking or outrageous,
causing the first character to spew out the contents of his or her mouth.
It's called a spit take.
The spit take goes back at least as far as vaudeville,
but it's commonly associated with Danny Thomas, the 20th century comedian who is often credited with making it famous.
In some circles it's in fact referred to as the "Danny Thomas spit take."
Originally called a spit gag, the word spit take itself
(also styled as spit-take and in some contexts as spittake) looks,
according to preliminary research, to date to the early 20th century,
but it mostly existed in the realm of showbiz vernacular until this century.
Now, though, you're likely to encounter it in general contexts:
We’ll leave the most important detail for last,
and that’s the price of the top-end 10-core part.
First, sit down and swallow your mouthful of Diet Coke, lest you do a spit take. The price is $1,723. Yes, we’ll repeat that lest you assume it’s a typo: $1,723, for one chip. — Gordon Mah Ung, PC World, 31 May 2016
It's the only segment of the mainstream media
that can bash the mainstream media and not prompt spit-takes.
— Philip Bump, The Washington Post, 27 Jan. 2016
The origin of the "spit" part of the term is obvious,
but the "take" part is a little opaque.
It's the sense of take defined in this dictionary as
"a visible response or reaction (as to something unexpected),"
as in "a delayed take."
This is the same sense of take in the term double take:
"a delayed reaction to a surprising or significant situation
after an initial failure to notice anything unusual."
While double take has not expanded much beyond its original use
(and literal meaning), though,
spit take has been making all kinds of moves.
We now see figurative use:
And among the most adept satirists of contemporary popular culture
is the team of Andy Samberg, Akiva Schaffer and Jorma Taccone….
Their latest, “Popstar: Never Stop Never Stopping,”
is a spit-take on the world of contemporary pop music and celebrity,
in which Samberg stars as a duly dull singer reuniting with his former bandmates. — Mark Olsen, The Los Angeles Times, 3 June 2016
And it's a common interjection on social media sites like Twitter,
where it's often preceded by a hashtag
or placed in brackets or between asterisks:
There's also evidence of spit take in use as a verb:
On the morning of May 12, LinkedIn …
emailed scores of my contacts and told them I’m a professional racist.
It was one of those updates that LinkedIn regularly sends its users, algorithmically assembled missives about their connections’ appearances in the media….
This surely caused a few of my professional acquaintances to spit-take. — Will Johnson, Slate, 24 May 2016
The conjugation of that verb may be a significant hurdle to full adoption, though—at least in the past tense form.
We see evidence of both "spit taked" and "spit took"; neither seems easy to swallow, but the former seems at this point to be the preferred form:
Larissa spit-taked her oolong tea then laid her head on the table in a summer storm of giggles. — Bruce Wagner, I Met Someone, 2016
This is the pattern that double take follows
in the occasional cases in which it's used as a verb:
Later truck-drivers honked their horns and passers-by double-taked
as Mrs Cameron led her group of fashionable walkers through the streets of Whitehall to Somerset House. — Luke Leitch, The Telegraph (London), 6 Sept. 2011
In the meanwhile, constructions like "made me spit take"
avoid the issue and are much more common.
Using the noun in the phrase "do a spit take,"
however, continues to be the most common method of employment,
and it's the noun that is most likely to be considered for entry in the near future.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Brought' vs. 'Brang' and 'Brung'
Consider it already ... broughten?
What to Know
Brought is the most common past tense and past participle of bring.
Similar words like ring, sing, and spring
are modified with an "a" or a "u" for their past tenses and participles,
like rang and rung,
but brang and brung, although recognized by many dictionaries,
are widely considered nonstandard
—even further from standard exists broughten.
Ring, sing, spring, and bring
have two things in common:
they rhyme and they are "strong" verbs.
That is to say, they all close with the same sound
and they all belong to a class of "strong"
irregular verbs that are inflected by a change in the root vowel
rather than by the adding of a suffix—such as -ed, -d, or -t, or -ing
—which is how "weak" regular verbs are inflected to indicate tense.
(Talk, change, and build are examples of weak verbs.)
Of the irregular verbs mentioned, three of them share another quality.
Past Tense for Strong Verbs
For the verbs ring, sing, and spring,
the root vowel (i) is changed to indicate the past tense and the past participle.
The past tense of ring is rang and its past participle is rung;
the past tense of sing is sang (or sung) and its past participle is sung.
Following the i to a or u conjugation,
the past tense of spring is sprang (or sprung)
and its past participle is sprung.
By analogy, brang and brung should be inflections of bring
—but that's not the case.
Brought is the long-standing past tense and past participle.
Such uses of brought should be familiar with English speakers,
but we present to you, anyways, two morsels topped with "grammar gloss":
"She brought brownies for the bake sale" (past tense);
"My coworker had brought donuts for the office—and I couldn't resist" (past participle, and had gives that away).
Brought has a distinguished pedigree
that includes a number of variations in Old and Middle English,
among them are the past tense brōhte and the past participle brōht.
(In Old English, bring was bringan.)
By late Middle English, the modern brought
gains its title as "Past Tense and Past Participle of Bring,"
and the only "real" (they're a tag team born from analogy)
contenders to take it away have, historically, been brang and brung.
But, as of yet, they haven't "broughten it."
Use of 'Brang' and 'Brung'
Many people, and not just usage commentators,
feel that the use of brang and brung in place of brought is cringeworthy,
and quite a few standard dictionaries reflect that opinion with labels
such as "substandard" or "nonstandard."
(Of the two inflected forms, brung more often carries a "dialectal" label, which at least attests to its frequency of use in certain regional varieties of English.)
The fact that these words are recognized by dictionaries
in the first place validates their legitimacy as words
—but with the caveat that they do not have the majority vote
for becoming a part of Standard English.
Here are some examples (vote as you will):
The energy Naked Giants brang lingered after their performance,
hanging in the air as the crowd waited anxiously for the headliner of the night.
— The Johns Hopkins News-Letter (Johns Hopkins University), 21 Feb. 2019
Best advice ever received: I've had so much.
Probably, "Dance with who brung ya'.
" My uncle said that to me. It literally means that if things are working, keep doing them.
— The Hastings (Michigan) Banner, 5 Dec. 2019
Shad Smith from Sydney, Iowa,
has brung his Extreme Bull Riding Tour to Comstock many times.
— The Grand Island (Nebraska) Independent, 11 Apr. 2019
Is 'Broughten' a Word?
And then there is broughten,
which is used in some regional dialects as a past tense and past participle of bring but largely considered nonstandard.
The word broughten takes brought
and adds the verb suffix -en,
just as
hidden comes from hid, the past tense of hide;
frozen comes from froze, the past tense of freeze;
broken comes from broke, the past tense of break. And
foughten comes to be the dialectal past participle of fight.
Some readers might recall this past participle in the 2001 comedy
Not Another Teen Movie in which the character Priscilla,
a cheerleader, is challenged by another cheerleader with
"You better bring it," and to which she immediately responds with
"Oh, it's already been broughten."
Her scripted response is for comic effect,
and that is how the word tends to be used;
however, it is also used in dialect
and by authors to express characterization or local color.
… see the numbers o' people as has been broughten into bein heer….
— Charles Dickens, Hard Times, 1854
One by one, the other celebritys was broughten in and introduced.
— Ring Lardner, "Harding Inaugural Is Simps' Delight" in The Bell Syndicate, 5 Mar. 1921
For those who support the use of brang and brung, in speech or writing, you might want to call us out.
We're not here to stop you from following your heart;
we just observe and report.
But consider our response on the matter "already broughten":
the occurrence of brang and brung as the past tense
and/or past participle of bring in edited writing
(our chief metric for measuring language change) is very weak
and doesn't hold a candle to the legacy of brought,
which shows no signs of burning out.
Brought is simply too entrenched in English,
much like other strong verb inflections
like bought, fought, thought, to give up the fight anytime soon.
You might hear or see brang or brung (and broughten,
and dare we say, bringed) but it is a TKO for brought—every match.
Brought just brings it day in and day out.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
bring & take
Bring indicates movement toward a place identified with the speaker;
it suggests “to come here with.”
Take suggests movement away from such a place
and indicates “to go there with.”
One takes money to supermarket and brings home groceries
(and no money).
In ordinary usage, these words are often interchanged,
but the distinction just noted persists to a degree.
You can take or bring someone to a party,
take or bring someone to have lunch,
but the word selected has some bearing
upon the relationship to the speaker of the place involved in the action.
Both bring and takecombine with many prepositions
to form phrases with distinct meanings:
“bring about,” “bring around,”
“bring down,” “bring forward,”
“bring in,” “bring off,”
“bring on,” “bring out,”
“bring over,” “bring to,” “bring up”;
“take back,” “take after,” “take apart,”
“take back,” “take for,” “take on,”
“take over,” “take to,” “take up.”
Each word also appears in many trite expressions,
normally to be avoided.
“Take it lying down,” “take in on the chin,”
“take a back seat,” and “take five” are examples.
So, too, are “bring to an end,” a wordy expression
since end convey the full idea,
as it does in “put an end to” and “come to an end.”
The cliché “bring to a head” is really an unpleasant expression,
as well as being trite and wordy:
it means “to cause pus to form.”
Why not say, instead, precipitate or crystallize?
“Bring to a boil” and “bring to a climax”
are less unpleasant but equally trite expressions.
