2021-04-22 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – alternate, alternately, alternative, alternatively
2021-04-22
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – alternate, alternately, alternative, alternatively
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง alternate -verb & noun = ‘AWL-ter-neyt’ -noun= ‘AWL-ter-nit’
ออกเสียง alternately adv. = ‘AWL-ter-nuh-tiv-lee’
ออกเสียง alternative -noun = ‘awl-TUR-nuh-tiv’ & adj.
ออกเสียง alternatively adv. = ‘awl-TUR-nuh-tiv-lee’
Dictionary.com
“Alternate” vs. “Alternative”: Are They Synonyms?
Whether you’re on a football team or a juror,
there’s a chance you might not be the first choice.
But if you don’t make the initial cut,
yet are still on the B list,are you an alternate?
Or does being a backup make you an alternative?
Is there actually a differencebetween alternative and alternate,
or are they just synonyms? Let’s take a closer look.
What does alternate mean?
When used as a verb without an object,
alternate means to take turns or go back and forth,
or “to interchange repeatedlyand regularly
with one anotherin time or place; rotate.”
For example:
Each week, she has her kids alternate who is in charge of walking the dog.
Or, The weather alternates between pouring rain and scorching sun with little warning.
When used with an object,
alternate as a verb can be defined
as “to do in succession, one after another,” or “to interchange regularly.”
For example,
For his new diet, he alternates juicing with cleansing every other week.
Or, the doctor recommended she alternate Advil and something stronger to help keep the pain in check after surgery.
As an adjective,
alternate means “being in a constant state of succession or rotation; interchangedrepeatedly one for another.”
It can also refer to something that’s mutual
or every second one of a series.
For example,
only the alternate lines in the script were highlighted.
Alternate can also be defined as
“constituting an alternative” when used as an adjective.
For example,
the alternate plan may have seemed less exciting at first,
but they ended up having a blast after the original trip was canceled.
Alternate’s first recorded use was in 1505–15
and it derives from the Latin word altern?re
(“do one thing and then another”).
include backup, double, equivalent, fill-in, proxy, replacement, stand-in, sub, and surrogate.
What does alternative mean?
As a noun,
alternative is defined as
“a choice limited to one of two or more possibilities,
as of things, propositions, or courses of action,
the selection of which precludes any other possibility.”
For example,
Those who aren’t comfortable with flying
have the alternative of taking the train, bus, or driving.
Alternative can also refer to
“one of those options or courses of action to be chosen.”
For example,
Driving is the alternative that I’m most comfortable with at this time.
Alternative as an adjective can mean
“affording a choice of two or more
things, propositions, or courses of action.”
It can also refer to
when those two options are mutually exclusive,
so that if oneis chosen, the other must be rejected:
His alternative choice was to turn down the scholarship
and find a full-time job instead of going to college.
Lastly, alternative as an adjective
can be used for something that is nontraditional or unconventional.
For example,
their alternative lifestyle allows for an open marriage that works for them.
Alternative’s first recorded use was in 1580–90
and it originates from a combination of alternate and -ive.
include different, second, substitute,
surrogate, another, backup, flip side, and other side.
How to use each word
Although alternative derivesfrom alternate,
and they both date back to the 1500s,
these two words aren’t completely synonymous
and can’t always be interchanged.
Although both can refer to a different or backup option,
typically alternate refers to an action of rotating or taking turns
while alternative usually refers to another option or choice.
For example:
- Each year, their family vacation alternates between the beach and Disney World.
- For a family vacation that’s more affordable than Disney World, the beach is a fun alternative.
You will also use alternative, and not alternate,
for something that falls outside of the mainstream.
For example:
His passion for alternative music inspired him to learn to play electric guitar.
However, these two can overlap as an adjective
when it comes to referring to a back upor mutually exclusive option.
For example:
- Instead of driving on the highway,
she prefers the longer but more scenic alternate route.
- Thanks to all of the traffic,
the scenic route was actually a much faster alternative
than taking the highway today.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for alternative
Noun
CHOICE, OPTION, ALTERNATIVE, PREFERENCE, SELECTION, ELECTION
mean the act or opportunity of choosing or the thing chosen.
CHOICE suggests the opportunity or privilege of choosing freely.
freedom of choice
OPTION implies a power to choose that is specifically granted or guaranteed.
the option of paying now or later
ALTERNATIVE implies a need to choose one and reject another possibility.
equally attractive alternatives
PREFERENCE suggests a choice guided by one's judgment or predilections.
a preference for cool weather
SELECTION implies a range of choice.
a varied selection of furniture
ELECTION implies an end or purpose which requires exercise of judgment.
doing a tax return forces certain elections on you
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
'Alternate'vs. 'Alternative'
It's good to have choices
For all intentsand purposes,
alternate and alternative are synonymous.
Both wordsdate to the middle of the 16th century,
and both describe a choice apart from what is first offered:
an alternate viewpoint;
an alternative suggestion.
Usage commentators have often emphasized that
'alternate' should be used to mean
"occurring or succeedingby turns" and
'alternative' to mean "offering or expressing a choice."
But in many cases where choice is involved,
'alternate'is a viable alternative
Usage commentators, however, have often emphasized a distinction:
one should use alternate to mean "occurring or succeeding by turns"
and alternative to mean "offering or expressing a choice."
Yet a look at the way these words are used
makes it clear that things aren't quite so simple.
Yes, the useof alternate to mean
"succeeding by turns" is well established:
On alternate weeks,
Willa Frank yielded to the paper's other regular reviewer,
a big-hearted, appreciative woman by the name of Leonora Merganser…
-T. Coraghessan Boyle, Harper's, October 1987
After being switched to the right at the top of the loop,
we started around it counterclockwise.
Coal trains are so heavy that they are routed through the loop in alternate directions, to distribute the assault on the track.
—John McPhee, The New Yorker, 10 Oct. 2005
Solid materials like metal are put on the tip, heated
and then transferred to the surfaces that are being patterned. Through alternate heating and cooling of the tip,
the deposition of the material can be precisely controlled.
—Anne Eisenberg, The New York Times, 23 Sept. 2004
However, "succeeding by turns" appears to have been
the original meaning for alternative as well.
One of the earliest uses occurs in a 17th century poem,
perhaps out of a need for the extra syllable:
That Happines do's still the longest thrive
Where Joye and Griefs have Turns Alternative.
—Robert Herrick, Hesperides, 1648
Although we do still see use of alternative in the "succeeding by turns" sense, most contemporary examples are found in British publications:
To reduce emissions, cars with odd and even number plates will only be able to drive on alternative days starting from July 20.
–Jonathan Watts, The Guardian, 12 July 2008
While you're less likely to see
alternative used to mean "succeeding by turns" in American English,
alternate is frequently used to mean "offering or expressing a choice."
There are established uses for both that we regularly encounter:
a director's cut of a film may feature an alternate ending;
a traffic update warns motorists to seek an alternate route.
Many examples, though, use the word simply to mean
"offering a choice apart from what is traditional or expected":
She was brought up to know things, to appreciate fine discriminations,
and could view an alternate future that was still realizable even at thirty-four.
–Richard Ford, Harper's, June 2012
Of course, the texts are useless if they're not accurate.
And local health clinics aren't eager to report gaps in service.
So, the system has an alternate stream of data: crowdsourcing.
–Belinda Luscombe, Time, 27 Aug. 2012
But in the face of organized and passionate public pushback,
that support crumbled.
Portland leaders, including a charismatic young mayor named Neil Goldschmidt, suggested an alternate plan.
Redirect that money, at least some of it, into this emerging rail renaissance, specifically a 15-mile light rail line from downtown Portland to the eastern suburb of Gresham.
—Ben Wear, The Austin American-Statesman, 10 Aug. 2014
Alternative realistically works for all of these situations as well:
Social media like Twitter, YouTube and Facebook
proved instrumental as alternative news sources
and as a way for protesters to vent their frustrations,
leading the security services to shut down YouTube for two months and Twitter for two weeks.
—Sebnem Arsu, The New York Times, 4 Jan. 2015
After Hydra's maritime might declined in the 19th century,
it turned to sponge fishing as an alternative source of income.
–Lawrence Osborne, The New York Times Style Magazine, 23 Mar. 2014
Like alternate,
alternative has its instances
where it, rather than alternate, is overwhelmingly preferred.
Specifically,
it often connotes the kind of option that might be
considered apart from mainstream traditions:
a homeowner may seek an alternative energy source,
such as solar power, rather than a more standard option like oil or natural gas.
Alternative medicine seeks to offer remedies
not considered part of traditional medical wisdom.
An alternative weekly newspaper might
cover aspectsof city's culture overlooked by its main paper,
and alternative music was coined to describe styles of rock
influenced by other genres and not usually played on popular radio.
In these cases,
alternative is the word to use:
people will look at you strangely if you mention "alternate medicine,"
just as your book club is less likely to meet on "alternative Tuesdays."
But in many cases where choice is involved, alternate is a viable alternative.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words We're Watching
The History of 'Alt-'
White supremacists have co-opted a combining form
traditionally used for musical and literary genres. Why?
With the rise of the alt-right,
the combining form alt- has been in the public eye lately.
The word's history offers some clues to its newest use.
'Alt' can be traced back to the early days of the Internet,
when 'alt' was the preferred prefix for Usenet newsgroups
such as alt. usage. english’
Familiar to most English speakers as a short form of alternative,
alt- has been used for decades in phrases
like alt-rock, alt-country,and alt-pop;
beyond music, we see alt-comedy and alt-literature (or alt-lit).
In theory,
these classifications act as subgenres,
rebelling againstthe traditions of a genre while clearly belonging to it:
alt-country is still country, and alt-lit is still literature.
There’s a school of thought that believes
Alt-Countryis just Country instead of the bastardised, sugarisedmusic
that fills the country charts.
Dan Bern, whose 5th album since 1996
this is, shares too much with the latter
while emulating the coolness implied by that alt- prefix.
—Matt Bryden, Stride Magazine, February 2002
The latest wave of alt comedy first surfaced in the 1990s
with comics such as Janeane Garafalo,
Beth Lapides of the long-running L.A. comedy show "Un-Cabaret,"
"Mr. Show's" David Cross and Patton Oswalt, who couldn't get
— or didn't want — stage time in traditional comedy clubs.
So, they started staging shows in rock clubs, coffee shops, dive bars and odd public spaces.
Those cheap seats and all-ages gigs built a grass-roots following.
And once the Internet picked up speed, so did the saturation of this sensibility onto the mainstream.
—Gia Piccalo, Los Angeles Times, 30 Aug. 2009
Alt- as a combining form that signified risk-taking
and a challenge to traditions with a genre
can be traced back to the early days of the Internet,
when alt was the preferred prefix for the classification of
Usenet newsgroups such as alt.usage.english.
These newsgroups were created as an alternative forum
to preexisting mainstream newsgroups,
and they left alt- with a connotation of edginess:
In the taxonomy of contemporary music,
“alt” can stand for more than “alternative.”
For sure, the prefix is commonly used to signify a deviation
from a genre’s traditional aesthetics:
alt-rock, alt-country, alt-jazz, alt-folk.
But “alt”can also mean “anti,”
and I know of no instance so extreme as the one of “alt-cabaret,”
a genre that has become a sensational vogue in London over the past several years and has recently emerged in New York to attack the entrenched performance traditions of the Great American Songbook.
—David Hajdu, The New Republic, 11 Apr. 2013
Alt-R&Bis very much in vogue these days....
The three-letter prefix “alt” denotes not only musical experimentalism and modernity in the decades-old genre,
but also signals a broadening of the demographic of people who make (and possibly intake) it.
—Caleb M. Lewis, The Harvard Crimson, 27 June 2014
This edginess
—with its vague historical echoes of online culture
—seems to be what racist proponents of the alt-right had in mind
when they rebranded old-school white supremacy
under the alt- banner.
The term alt-right was coined in 2008 by the white nationalist
Richard Spencer, who described it as
"trying to build a philosophy, an ideology around identity, European identity.”
Jared Taylor, the editor of the white supremacist American Renaissance
(which describes itself as "a conservative monthly publication
[that] promotes a variety of white racial positions"),
said that members of the alt-right view race
as "a significant aspect of individual and group identity."
The Southern Poverty Law Center, which tracks hate groups,
has compiled adetailed history of the alt-right
which outlines
its connections toSpencer, Taylor, and other racist ideologues.
The Anti-Defamation League,
which recently made headlines
by adding an alt-right meme to its hate symbols database,
has stated that
"Though not every person who identifies with the Alt Right
is a white supremacist, most are
and 'white identity' is central to people in this milieu."
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,
al·ter′na·tive·ly adv.
Usage Note:
A traditional view holds that
alternative should be used only when
the number of choices involved is exactly two.
This reasoning is based on the word's historical relation to Latin alter,
"the other of two." Even in the 1960s, some 58 percent of the Usage Panel did not favor this edict, and now that majority is overwhelming.
In 2009, fully 87 percent of the Panel accepted the sentence
There are plenty of alternatives to straightforward advertising,
and 85 percent accepted
There are many new antibiotic alternatives to penicillin.
Constructions like
a number of alternatives must now be considered standard.
As an adjective,
alternative can mean
"allowing or requiring a choice between two or more things,"
as in
We wrote an alternative statement in case
the first was rejected by the board.
It may also refer to a variant or substitute
in cases where no choice is involved,
as in
We will do our best to secure alternative employment
for employees displaced by the closing of the factory.
In our 2009 survey, 87 percent of the Usage Panel accepted this sentence.
Interestingly, only 52 percent accepted alternate
when used in the same sentence.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
alternate – alternative
1. 'alternate'
Alternate actions, events, or processes
keep happening regularly after each other.
...the alternate contraction and relaxation of muscles.
If something happens on alternate days,
it happens on one day, then does not happen on the next day,
then happens again on the day after it, and so on.
Things can also happen in alternate weeks, months, or years.
We saw each other on alternate Sunday nights.
The two courses are available in alternate years.
2. 'alternative'
You use alternative to describe something
that can be used, had, or done instead of something else.
But still people try to find alternative explanations.
There is, however, an alternative approach.
Note that in American English,
alternate is sometimes used with this meaning.
How would a clever researcher rule out this alternate explanation?
Alternative can also be a noun.
An alternative to something
is something else that you can have or do instead.
Food suppliers are working hard to provide organic alternatives to everyday foodstuffs.
A magistrate offered them a Domestic Education course as an alternative to prison.
There is no alternative to permanent storage.
You can also say that someone has two or more alternatives,
meaning that they have two or more courses of action to choose from.
If a man is threatened with attack, he has five alternatives: he can fight, flee, hide, summon help, or try to appease his attacker.
Note that
it used to be considered incorrect
to talk about more than two alternatives.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Alternately – alternatively
1. 'alternately'
You use alternately to say that two actions or processes
keep happening regularly after each other.
Each piece of material is washed alternately in soft water and coconut oil.
She became alternately angry and calm.
2. 'alternatively'
You use alternatively to give a different explanation
from one that has just been mentioned,
or to suggest a different course of action.
It is on sale there now for just £9.97. Alternatively, you can buy the album by mail order for just £10.
Alternatively, you can use household bleach.
Dictionary of Problem Words in English
Alternate & alternately & alternative & alternatively
As a verb alternate means
“to change back and forth,” “to occur in successive turns.”
It is pronouncedwith primary accent on the first syllable
and is usually followed by with:
“Sunny and rainy days alternate with each other at this season.”
As an adjective, alternate is also pronounced
with accent on the first syllable
but is notfollowed by with:
“He introduced an alternate proposal.”
Alternately,an adverb,
carries the same general meaning as alternate:
“The hiker alternately walked and jogged.”
Alternative refers to a situation involving a choice:
“You have the alternative of speaking or of keeping quiet.”
As both noun and adjective,
alternative is pronounced with primary accent on the second syllable.
The distinction between alternately and alternatively
is that the formersuggests a meaning of “one after the other”
and the latter carries a meaning of “one or the other.”
Neither alternative noralternatively
is restricted to a choice between only two:
“The alternatives are stagnation, cold war, peace, or compromise”.
To keep these distinctions in mind,
remember that alternate and alternately
have a basic meaning of “by turns”
and alternative
and alternatively pertain to some kind of choice.
The A-Z of Correct English Common Errors in English Dictionary
Alternate & alternative
We visit our grandparents on alternative?
ALTERNATE Saturdays. (= every other Saturday) I
ALTERNATE between hope and despair. (= have each mood in turn)
An ALTERNATIVE plan would be to go by boat. (= anotherpossibility) The
ALTERNATIVES are simple: work orgo hungry. (= two choices)
alternatives
Strictly speaking,
the choicecan be between only two alternatives
(one choice or the other).
However, the word is frequently used more loosely
and this precise definition is becoming lost.
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