2021-04-17 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – alien & alienist & alienate

Revision A

2021-04-17

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – alien & alienist & alienate

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง alien = ‘EYL-yuhn’ or ‘EY-lee-uhn’

ออกเสียง alienist = ‘eyl-yuh-nist’ or ‘ey-lee-uh-nist’

ออกเสียง alienate = ‘EYL-yuh-neyt’ or ’EY-lee-uh-neyt’

THE AMERICAN HERITAGE® STEDMAN'S MEDICAL DICTIONARY

Alienist n.

A physician accepted by a court of law

as an expert on the mental competence of principals or witnesses.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Choose the Right Synonym for alien

Adjective

EXTRINSIC, EXTRANEOUS, FOREIGN, ALIEN

mean external to a thing, its essential nature, or its original character.

EXTRINSIC applies to what is distinctly outside the thing in question

or is not contained inor derived from its essential nature.

sentimental value that is extrinsic to the house's market value

EXTRANEOUS applies to what is on or comes from the outside

and may or may not be capable of becoming an essential part.

arguments extraneous to the issue

FOREIGN applies to what is so different as to be rejected

or repelled orto be incapable of becoming assimilated.

techniques foreign to French cuisine

ALIEN is stronger than FOREIGN in suggesting opposition, repugnance, or irreconcilability.

A practice totally alien to her nature

Choose the Right Synonym for alienate

ESTRANGE, ALIENATE, DISAFFECT

mean to causeone to break a bond of affection or loyalty.

ESTRANGE implies the development of indifference or hostility with consequent separation or divorcement.

his estranged wife

ALIENATE mayor may not suggest

separation but always implies loss of affection or interest.

managed to alienate all his coworkers

DISAFFECT refers especially to those from whom loyalty is expected

and stresses the effects (such as rebellionor discontent) of alienation without actual separation.

troops disaffected by hunger

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

What is the Connection Between alienist and Alien?

Alienist looks and sounds like

it should mean "someone who studies aliens,"

and in fact alienist and alien arerelated

- both are ultimately derived from the Latin word alius,

meaning "other."

In the caseof alienist,

the etymological trail leads from Latin to French,

where the adjective aliene ("insane") gave rise to the noun alieniste,

referring to a doctor who treats the insane.

Alienist first appeared in print in English in the 19th century.

It was preceded by the other alius descendants, alien (14th century) and alienate (used as a verb since the early 16th century).

Alienist is much rarer than psychiatrist these days,

but at one time it was the preferred term.

Merriam-Webster Dictionary

Alienist

The release of a second season of a television show

sent a number of people scurrying to the dictionary

in search of the meaning of its title.

"The Alienist" returns, but strains against its beautiful but oh-so-serious corsetry
— (headline) Salon.com, 19 Jul. 2020

Alienist is a synonym of psychiatrist,

albeit one that is little used these days.

At one time(in the 19th century) it was the preferred term.

Alienist was borrowed from the French aliéniste,

which itself is from médecin aliéniste,

meaning "doctor treating the mentally ill.”

Prior to this the word may be traced back to the Latin alius,

meaning "other."

Alienist also, we regret to inform you,

represents the end of the "cheery" section of this week's words.

American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language,

al·ien·ate  verb (trans.)

Law

To transfer (property or a right) to the ownership of another,

Especially, by an act of the owner rather than by inheritance.

Dictionary of Problem Words in English

alien & alienist & alienate

An alien is a foreigner, someone born in or belonging to another country:

“He was an alien for ten years and then became a naturalized citizen.”

The term is also applied to one who is excludedin some way

(that is, is an outsider) and to matters that are strange or unfamiliar:

“He was forced to adjust to an alien culture.”

“In his ragged clothing, he felt an alienin such plush surroundings.”

An alienist is a medically trained person

who gives testimony (legal evidence) on questions of sanity or insanity:

“Opposing alienists will testify at this murder trial.”

Alienate means “to turn away,”

“to affect by causing an atmosphere of unfriendliness,”

“to make indifferent”:

“His constant rudeness alienated most of his friends.”

Alien, alienist, and alienate

imply or suggest

either difference or opposition.