2021-04-16 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – agree & agreement
2021-04-16
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด – A – agree & agreement
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Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง agree = ‘uh-GREE’
ออกเสียง agreement =’uh-GREE-muhn’
Dictionary.com
SYNONYM STUDY FOR AGREE
Agree, consent, accede, assent, concur
all suggest complying with the idea, sentiment, or action of someone.
Agree, the general term, suggests compliance in response
to any degree of persuasionor opposition:
to agree to go; to agree to a meeting,
to a wish, request, demand, ultimatum.
Consent, applying to rather important matters,
conveys an activeand positive idea;
it implies making a definite decision
to comply with someone's expressed wish:
to consent to become engaged.
Accede, a more formalword,
also applies to important matters
and implies a degree of yielding to conditions:
to accede to terms.
Assent conveysa more passive idea;
it suggests agreeingintellectually or verbally
with someone's assertion, request, etc.:
to assent to a speaker's theory, to a proposed arrangement.
To concur is to show accord in matters of opinion,
as of minds independentlyrunning along the same channels:
to concur in a judgment about a painting.
SYNONYM STUDY FOR AGREEMENT
Agreement, bargain, compact, contract
all suggesta binding arrangement between two or more parties.
Agreement ranges in meaning from mutual understanding to binding obligation.
Bargain applies particularly to agreements about buying and selling
but also to hagglingover terms in an agreement.
Compact applies to treatiesor alliances
between nations or to solemn personal pledges.
Contract is used especially in law and business
for such agreements as are legally enforceable.
Dictionary.com
VOCAB BUILDER
What is a basicdefinition of agreement?
Agreement is the state or act of agreeing,
meaning coming to a mutually approved arrangement.
Agreement is also used to mean
a deal in which all parties accept the conditions or a unity of opinion.
Agreement has several other senses as a noun.
Agreement is the noun form of the verb agree,
which means to be in harmony of feelingor opinion.
Agreement, then, means
the act of agreeingor a condition
in which all people are content with a situation or what they must do.
The opposite of agreement is disagreement.
- Used in a sentence:
I thought Jack’s plan was good and nodded my head in agreement with everything he said.
In a similar sense,
an agreement is a dealor arrangement
in which all parties accept the terms.
An agreement can be an unspoken pact or an actual legaldocument
that has punishments if it isn’t followed.
- Real-life examples:
In a trade agreement between the United States and Canada,
both countries must approve of what they sell to each other.
You might come to an agreement with your friends
to split the costof a dinner.
When renting a car,
a customer will sign a rental agreement
that outlines how much they will pay the lender if the car is damaged.
- Used in a sentence:
The United Nations negotiated a peace agreement between the two warring countries.
Where does agreement come from?
The first records of agreement come from around 1375.
It ultimately comes from Middle French agrément.
It combinesthe verb agree,
meaning “to have the same views” or “to give consent ,”
with the suffix -ment,that forms a noun
describing a state (refreshment),
a product (fragment),
or a means (ornament).
Collins COBUILD English Usage
agree
1. 'agree'
If someone says something and you say 'I agree',
you mean that you have the same opinion.
'That film was excellent.' – 'I agree.'
2. 'agree with'
You can also say that you agree with someone
or agree with what they say.
I agree with Mark.
He agreed with my idea.
Be Careful!
Don't say that you 'agree something' or 'are agreed with' it.
Also, when you use 'agree' in this sense, don't use the progressive.
Don't say, for example, 'I am agreeing with Mark'.
3. 'agree to'
If you agree to a suggestion or proposal,
you say that you will allow it to happen.
He had agreed to the use of force.
However, don't say that someone 'agrees to' an invitation.
You say that they accept it.
He accepted our invitation to the dinner party.
If someone asks you to do something and you agree to do it,
you say that you will do it.
She agreed to lend me her car.
She finally agreed to come to the club on Wednesday.
Be Careful!
Don't say that you 'agree doing' something.
4. 'agree on'
If people reach a decision together about something,
they agree on it.
We agreed on a date for the wedding.
5. 'agree that'
You can say what the decision is using agree and a that-clause.
They agreed that the meeting should be postponed.
The passive form 'It was agreed that...' is often used.
It was agreed that something had to be done.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for agree
mean to come into or be in harmony regarding a matter of opinion.
AGREE implies complete accord usually attained by discussion and adjustment of differences.
on some points we all can agree
CONCUR often implies approval of someone else's statement or decision.
if my wife concurs, it's a deal
COINCIDE, used more often of opinions, judgments, wishes, orinterests than of people, implies total agreement.
their wishes coincide exactly with my desire
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Words at Play
16 Termsof 'Agreement'
These are the ABC's (literally). Read to the end to find out why.
01. Accord
Accord appears in Old English with the
meaning "to reconcile" or "to bring into agreement,"
which was borrowed from its Anglo-French etymon, acorder,
a word related to Latin concordāre, meaning "to agree."
This original sense of accord is transitive,
and in modern English it still occurs butinfrequently.
Its transitivesense "to grant or give as appropriate, due, or earned"
—as in "The teacher's students accord her respect"
—is more often encountered.
On the flip side,
the verb's intransitive sense "to be consistent or in harmony"
(which is usually used with with) is frequently found,
as in "The testimony did not accord with the known facts"
or "His plans for the company did not accord with other investors."
The noun accord has the meaning "agreement" or "conformity."
It often occurs in legal, business, or political contexts
where it is synonymous with treaty
and other similar words for formal agreement.
02. Agreement
In Middle English, agree was formed agreen
and had the various meanings of "to please, gratify, consent, concur."
It was borrowed from Anglo-French agreer.
That word is composed of a-,a verb-forming prefix
going back to Latin ad-, and -greer, a verbal derivative of gré,
meaning "gratitude, satisfaction, liking, pleasure, assent."
The French base derives from Latin grātum, the neuter of grātus,
meaning "thankful, received with gratitude, welcome, pleasant."
Semantically, the etymology of agree is very agreeable.
In Anglo-French, agrément referred to an arrangement agreed to
between two or more parties as well as
to the action or fact of agreeing, consenting, or concurring
(more on those "c" words later).
Late Middle English adopted the word as agrement
with the same meanings, which are widely used today.
The modern spelling, agreement, was used
contemporaneously with agrement.
In grammar,
agreement refers to the fact or state of elements in a sentence or clause being alike
—that is, agreeing —in gender, number, or person.
For example,
in "We are late" the subject and verb agree in number and person
(there's no agreement in "We is late");
in "Students are responsible for handing in their homework"
the antecedent("students") of the pronoun ("their") agree.
The antecedent of a pronoun is the noun or other pronoun
to which the pronoun refers.
A synonym of this agreement is concord.
03. Assent
Assent descends fromLatin assentire,
a combinationof the prefix ad- (meaning "to" or "toward")
and sentire ("to feel" or "to think").
The meaningsof the Latin roots
imply having a feeling orthought toward something,
and that suggestion carries over toEnglish's assent,
which denotes freely agreeing with or approving something
that has been proposedor presented after thoughtful consideration.
Assent is used as a noun or a verb
with the meaning "to agree or approve."
The patient gave her assent to be part of the medical study.
Many at the meeting nodded in assent.
Both parties assented to the terms of the contract.
04. Bargain
Bargain, as a noun and verb,
began being exchanged inEnglish during the 14th century.
We know that it developed from Anglo-French bargaigner,
meaning "tohaggle," but its history thereafter is unclear.
The first known use is as a noun
referring to a discussion between two parties on the terms of agreement.
I do not care, I'll give thrice so much land / To any well deserving friend; / But in the way of bargain, mark ye me, I'll cavil on the ninth part of a hair.
— William Shakespeare, Henry IV, Part I, 1598
That sense fell into obsolescence by the end of the 17th century;
however,
another sense of bargain from the 14th century,
referring to an agreement (concluded through discussion)
that settles what each party gives or receives to or from the other, survives.
It wasn't until the 16th century
that bargain began being used as a word for what is acquired
through such an agreement
by negotiating, haggling, dickering … by bargaining.
From those visits to unsanitary Houndsley streets in search of Diamond,
he had brought back not only a bad bargain in horse-flesh,
but the further misfortune of some ailment
which for a day or two had deemed mere depressionand headache,
but which got so much worse….
— George Eliot, Middlemarch, 1871
This nominal sense is often used without a qualifying adjective
(such as good or bad)
to indicate something that is bought or sold at a price
which is lower than the actual value
—in other words, a good deal:
"At that price, the house is a bargain" or
"We got a bargain on tickets for our flight."
05. Bond
Early recorded evidenceof bond
goes back to the 12th century
and ties the word to thingsthat bind,
constrict, or confine (such as a fetter).
The word is believed to be a phonetic variant of band, which had the same meaning.
From the early 14th century,
bond has been used for various kinds
of"binding" agreements or covenants,
such as "the bonds of holy matrimony."
Later, this sense was generalized to
any "binding" element or force, as "the bonds of friendship."
In 16th-century law, it became the name f
or a deed or other legal instrument
"binding" a person to pay a sum of money owed or promised.
In U.S. law, bond specificallyrefers to a formal written agreement
by which a person undertakes to perform a certain act
(e.g., appearing in court or fulfilling the obligations of a contract).
The failure to perform the act obligates the person to pay a sum of money or to forfeit money on deposit.
A surety usually is involved, and the bond makes the surety responsible for the consequences of the obligated person's behavior.
Bonds are often given to people suspected of committing a crime
("The accused was released on $10,000 bond"),
but any person obligated to preforms a duty might have to give bond.
06. Cartel
Cartel is ultimately derived from the Greek word for
a leaf of papyrus, chartēs, and
is thus a relative of card, chart, and charter.
In Latin, the Greek word became charta and referred to either
the leaf or to thatwhich is written on papyrus (such as a letter or poem).
Old Italian took the word as carta and used it to denote a leaf of paper or a card.
The diminutive form cartello served to denote a placard or a poster
and then acquired the sense of "a written challenge or letter of defiance."
The French borrowed cartello as cartel with
the meaning"a letter of defiance,"
and English then borrowed the French word in form and meaning.
Indignantas he was at this impertinence,
there wassomething so exquisitely absurd
in such a cartel of defiance,
that Nicholas was obliged to bite his lip and read the note over
two or three times before he could muster sufficient gravity
and sternness to address the hostile messenger,
who had not taken his eyes from the ceiling,
nor altered the expression of his face in the slightest degree.
— Charles Dickens, Nicholas Nickleby, 1838
During the 17th century,
cartel came to refer to a written agreement
between warring nations
especially for the treatment and exchange of prisoners.
This usageis exemplified by Bishop Gilbert Burnet in his
History of His Own Time (1734):
"By a cartel that had been settled between the two armies,
all prisoners were to be redeemed at a set price,
and within a limited time."
German borrowed the French word cartel as Kartell.
During the 1880s, the Germans found a new use for the word
to denotethe economic coalition of private industries
to regulatethe quality and quantity of goods to be produced,
the prices to be paid, the conditions of delivery to be required,
and the markets to be supplied.
English took up this German usage around 1900
but applied it mainly to international coalitions
of private, independent commercial or industrial enterprises
designed to limitcompetition or fix prices.
American antitrust laws ban such cartels or trusts
as being in restraint of trade,
but they exist internationallywith perhaps the most familiar one being
the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC).
07. Compact
Since the 1500s,
compact has been used in English
to designate an agreement or covenantbetween two or more parties.
It descends from Latin compactum ("agreement"),
a noun use of compactus, the past participle of compacisci
("to make an agreement"),
which joins the prefix com- ("with, together")
with pacisci ("to agree or contract").
Pascisci is also the source of pact, an earlier synonym of compact.
Latin compactus is also the source of the adjective compact,
which is used to describe things smaller than others, using little space, or having parts that are close together.
This compactus, however, is the past participle of Latin compingere, meaning "to put together."
The verb is a compound of com- and pangere ("to fasten").
The adjectiveis unpacked in 14th-century English,
and by the 17th century, the related noun
referring to things compact
(modern applications are for cosmetic cases or automobiles) settles in.
08. Composition
Composition derives from Latin composito,
which itself is from compositus, the past participle of componere,
meaning "to put together."
Since its entry in the 14th century,
composition has gained a number of senses
based on arrangingor putting something together.
One group of senses
refers to the results of composition or, rather, composing.
Students know composition as the name for a brief essay
(the putting together of words and sentences);
philharmonic aficionados know it
as the name for a long, complex piece of music
(the arrangement of musical sounds);
historians and lawyers know it as a term for a mutual settlement
or agreement, such as a treaty or compromise
(the coming together and reconciling of differences).
09. Compromise
15th-century English borrowedAnglo-French compromisse,
meaning "mutual promise to abide by an arbiter's decision,"
virtually unchanged in form and definition.
The familiar usageof compromise
for the settlement of differences
by agreeing to mutual concessions soon followed.
The French wordis derived from Latin compromissum,
which itself is related to the past participle of compromittere
(promittere means "to promise").
In English, compromit was once used
as a synonymof the verb compromise
in its obsolete sense"to bind by mutual agreement"
and in its modern sense "to cause the impairment of."
As a verb,
compromise indicates the giving up
of something that you want in order to come to a mutual agreement
("The union and employer agreed to compromise").
Another sense is"to expose to suspicion, discredit, or mischief,"
as in
"The actor's career has been compromisedby his politically incorrect tweets"
or "The editor-in-chief would not compromisehis principles."
And as mentioned above,
it can imply exposing someone or something to risk, endangerment, or serious consequences.
Confidential information, national security, or one's immune system might be said to be "compromised."
10. Concord
Concord is from Latin concord-, concors, both of which denote"agreeing" and are rooted in com-, meaning "together," and cord-, cor-,
meaning "heart."
Literally,the Latin terms united translate as "hearts together,"
which gives reason as to why the earliest meaningsof English concord
include "a state of agreement," "harmony," and "accord."
The word's sense of "agreement by stipulation, compact, or covenant"
beats next, and in time,
concord designates
a treaty establishing peaceand amicable relationships
between peoples or nations.
Thus, two countries may sign a concord on matters that have led to hostility in the past and live in peace and concord.
If you recall, concord is also synonymous with grammatical agreement.
11. Concordat
Concordat is a French word for a formal agreement
between two or more parties.
It is synonymous with words like compact and covenant,
but during the 17th century it was appointed
as the official namefor an agreement between
church and state for the regulation of ecclesiastical matters.
A historic concordat is one concluded in 1801
between Napoleon Bonaparte as the first consul
and Pope Pius VII.
It defined the status of the Roman Catholic Church in France
and regulated the relations between church and state.
12. Concurrence
Like concur ("I concur with the assessment"),
concurrence implies agreement.
The verb originates from Latin concurrere,
meaning "to assemble in haste, collide, exist simultaneously, be in agreement,"
and the noun—concurrence
—derives from Latin concurrentia,
"coming together, simultaneous occurrence."
Usage of concurrence concurs with its Latin ancestor's.
Additionally,
concurrence has the extended meaning "agreement in action or opinion."
In law, the word is used as a synonym of consent,
as in "The Secretary of the Treasury obtained the written concurrence of the attorney general."
Here's a presidential example:
If the President declares in writing that
he is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,
such powers and duties shall be discharged by the Vice-President
as Acting President.
… If the President does not so declare,
and the Vice-President with the written concurrence of
a majority of the heads of the executive departments
or such other body as Congress may by law provide,
transmits to the Congress his written declarationthat
the President is unable to discharge the powers and duties of his office,
the Vice-President shall immediately assumethe powers and duties of the office as Acting President.
13. Consent
The parent of consent is Latin consentire,
a mutual joining of the prefix com- (meaning "with," "together") with sentire ("to feel").
The notion of"feeling together" is implied in English's consent,
which denotes agreement with, compliance in, or approval of
what is done or proposed by another.
Consent is used as a noun or a verb
with the meaning "to agree" or "to give permission."
He shall have Power, by and with the Advice and Consent of the Senate,
to make Treaties, provided two thirds of the Senators present concur.
— U.S. Constitution
He consented to the search of his Mercedes,
and officers recovered about 54 ATM receipts,
four credit cards and six gift cards.
— Trish Mehaffey, The Gazette (Cedar Rapids, Iowa), 6 Nov. 2019
And, of course, children need parental consent to go on school trips.
In law, consent is specifically used for the voluntary agreement
or acquiescence by a person of age who is not under duress or coercion
and usually who has knowledge or understanding.
By "of age" is meant "age of consent,"
which is the age at which a person is deemed competent by law
to give consent.
Eighteen years old is the standard age of consentin the United States.
There is also "informed consent,"
which is definedas "consent to surgery by a patient
or to participation in a medical experiment by a subject
after achieving an understandingof what is involved."
14. Contract
English secured Anglo-French contract
as a word for a binding agreement between two or more persons
in the 14th century.
Its roots extend backto Latin contrahere, meaning "to draw together"
as well as"to enter into a relationship or agreement."
Early popular contractswere of the matrimonial kind.
But contract can refer to any agreement
between two or more parties that is legally enforceable.
Typically, a contract creates in each party a duty to do something
(e.g., provide goods or a service at a set price and according to a specified schedule).
It may also createthe duty not to do something
(e.g., divulge sensitive company information).
In the early 20th century, contract was snatched
by members of the criminal underworld
as a term for an order or arrangement
for a hired assassin to kill a particular person.
15. Convention
Convention is a familiar word
for a large meeting of people, usually lasting several days,
to talk abouttheir shared work or interests
—a teacher or publisher convention,
for example—or for some common purpose.
In politics, a traditional convention
is a meeting of the delegates of a political party
for the purpose of
formulatinga platform and selecting candidates for office
(e.g., the Democratic/Republican National Convention).
Other conventions are fan-based,
and there are countless such conventions
centered ongaming, comic books, and the anime, sci-fi, and horror genres—to name a few.
This use of convention is in keeping with its ancestry.
The word is from Latin convenire, meaning "to assemble, come together."
The Latin root also means "to be suitable" or "to agree,"
which is recognizable in the word's senses
relating to established usage, customs, rules, techniques, or practices
that are widely accepted and followed.
The author uses the convention of the first-person narrator
who observes all but is not implicated in the action.
Another familiar useof convention
is in law and politics
where it is
appliedas a term for an agreement between two or more groups
(as countries or political organizations)
for regulation of matters affecting all
—for example,
the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea.
There are also the Geneva Conventions,
a series of four international agreements (1864, 1906, 1929, 1949)
signed in Geneva, Switzerland,
that established the humanitarian principles
by which
the signatory nations are to treat an enemy's military and civilian nationals in wartime.
16. Covenant
The word covenant is commonly associated
with the Christianand Judaic religions.
In the Old Testament,
it designates agreementsor treaties made among peoples or nations
but more notably
the promises that God extended to humankind
(e.g., the promise to Noah to never again destroy the Earth by flood
or the promiseto Abraham that his descendants would multiply and inherit the land of Israel).
God's revelation of the Law to Moses on Mount Sinai
created a pactbetween God and Israel known as the Sinai Covenant.
The Law was inscribed on two tablets
and in biblical times were housed in a gold-plated wooden chest
known as the Ark of the Covenant.
In secular law,
covenant is used to refer to an official agreement or compact
("an international covenant on human rights").
It can also apply to a contract or a promisewithin a contract
for the performance or nonperformance of some action
("a covenant not to sue").
The word also has verbal meaning:
"to pledge or come to formal agreement."
See Holmes' quote at convention (above) for an example.
EDITOR'S NOTE:
There are other words designating various typesof agreements
—such as deal, pact, pledge, settlement, and treaty
—but we promised only the A's, B's, and C's. We fulfilled that promise.
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