2021-03-17
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด W – Wake & awake & awaken & waken
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง Wake = ‘WEYK’
ออกเสียง awake = ‘uh-WEYK’
ออกเสียง awaken = ’uh-WEY-kuhn’
ออกเสียง waken = ’WEY-kuhn’
American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language
Usage Note:
The pairs wake, waken and awake, awaken
have formed a bewildering array since the Middle English period.
All four words have similar meanings,
though there are some differences in use.
Only wake is used in the sense "to be awake,"
as in expressions like
waking (not wakening) and sleeping, every waking hour.
Wake is also more common than waken when used together with up,
and awake and awaken never occur in this context:
She woke up (rarely wakened up; never awakened up or awoke up).
Some writers have suggested that
waken should be used only transitively
(as inThe alarm wakened him)
and awaken only intransitively
(as in He awakened at dawn),
but there is ample literary precedent for usages
such as He wakened early and They did not awaken her.
In figurative senses
awake and awaken are more prevalent:
With the governor's defeat,
the party awoke to the strength of the opposition.
The scent of the gardenias awakened my memory of his
unexpected appearance that afternoon years ago.
Regional American dialects vary in the way that
certain verbs form their principal parts.
Northern dialects,
seem to favor forms that change the internal vowel in the verb
- - hence dove for the past tense of dive, and woke for wake:
- - They woke up with a start.
Southern dialects,
on the other hand, tend to prefer forms that add an -ed
to form the past tense and the past participle of these same verbs:
The children dived into the swimming hole. The baby waked up early.
Collins English Dictionary
waker noun
Usage:
Where there is an object
and the sense is the literal one
wake (up) and waken are the commonest forms:
I wakened him; I woke him (up).
Both verbs are also commonly used without an object:
I woke up.
Awake and awaken are preferred to other forms of wake
where the sense is a figurative one:
he awoke to the danger
Collins COBUILD English Usage
Awake, wake, awaken, and wake up
can all be intransitive verbs to say that
someone becomes conscious again after being asleep.
They can also be transitive verbs to say that
someone makes you conscious when you have been asleep.
Awake and wake are irregular verbs.
Their past tense forms are awoke and woke,
and their -ed participles are awoken and woken.
Collins COBUILD English Usage
1. 'awake' and 'wake'
Awake and wake are fairly common in writing,
especially as intransitive verbs.
I awoke from a deep sleep.
I sometimes wake at four in the morning.
2. 'wake up'
In ordinary conversation, you use wake up.
Ralph, wake up!
They went back to sleep but I woke them up again.
3. 'awake' used as an adjective
Awake can also be an adjective.
If someone is awake, they are not asleep.
Awake is usually used after linking verbs like be, stay, keep, and lie.
An hour later he was still awake.
Cho stayed awake for a long time.
Awake is sometimes used after a noun.
She was the last person awake.
Be Careful!
Don't use awake in front of a noun.
Don't say, for example, 'an awake child'.
Say 'a child who is awake'.
Be Careful!
Don't say that someone is 'very awake'.
You say that they are wide awake or fully awake.
He was wide awake by the time we reached my flat.
She got up, still not fully awake.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
The Past Tense Formsof Awake and Awaken
Awake and awaken are two distinct verbs that mean the same thing.
In other words, they're synonyms,
and in the present tense
they each behave the way English verbs typically behave:
The cat awakes at dawn.
The cat awakens at dawn.
Things get trickier in the past tense.
Our modern verb awake
is the result of the long-ago melding of two older verbs.
These verbs were very similar,
but one had regular past tense forms(like play: played, has played)
and the other had irregular past tense forms(like take: took, has taken).
When the two verbs melded into the modern awake
(which was a process over many years), things got complicated,
resultingultimately in
the following grammatically permissible sentences:
The cat awaked at dawn.
The cat awoke at dawn.
The cat was awaked by the mouse at dawn.
The cat was awoken by the mouse at dawn.
Note, though, thatat this point,
these are the most common:
The cat awoke at dawn.
The cat was awoken by the mouse at dawn.
That's the story of awake.
Fortunately awaken
(which was originally one of the past tense forms of awake) is simpler.
It's a regular verb, which means it has the usual past tense forms:
The cat awakened at dawn.
The cat was awakened at dawn by a mouse.
As if all this weren't complicated enough, awake is also an adjective:
Because of the cat, I too am now awake.
For a detailed discussion of the history of these words,
please seethe
The Grammatical History of 'Awaken' / 'Awoken' / 'Awakened'.
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Usage Notes
The Grammatical History of 'Awaken' / 'Awoken' / 'Awakened'
Wake up, people.
What to Know
Awake and awaken are two distinct verbs that
both mean"to rise from sleep."
The verb forms for awake are irregular,
but the most common choices are awake, awoke, and was awoken.
The verb forms for awaken are regular:
awakens, awakened, was awakened.
What's one of the first things you do in the morning after you've awoken? Perhaps it's wondering
whether you should say awakened there instead of awoken.
Or should it be awaked? Or awaken, maybe?
There were two verbs in Old English that meant "to rise from sleep,"
but one had regular inflections and the other irregular inflections.
If these questions keep you awake at night, you're not alone.
Bryan A. Garner in his Garner's Modern English Usage says that awake and awaken
are "perhaps the most vexing [verbs] in the language."
As Merriam-Webster's Concise Dictionary of English Usage notes,
"awake is a verb that has not yet settled down
from its long and tangled history."
Everyone gets a pass for being confused.
Origin of Awakeand Awaken
The confusion starts back in the first millennium.
There were two verbs in Old English that meant "to rise from sleep":
the intransitive awacan and the transitive awacian.
The two verbs have very similar infinitive forms,
and so were beginning to affect one another
by the Late Old English period.
The problem, however, is that
one of those verbs had what we now consider to be regular inflections (awake, awaked, awaken)
and the other had what we now consider to be irregular inflections (awake, awoke, awaken).
From there, the inflectional history of awake becomes a mess.
One of the regular inflections, awaken, gains life as its own verb
and is given regular inflections (awaken, awakened, awakened).
The core verbsbegin to blend together in Middle English,
which means that there are now two possible past-tense forms to choose from: awaked and awoke.
So, it's absolutely permissible to say
"she awakened," (using awaken),
"she awaked" (using one inflection of awake), and
"she awoke" (using the other inflection of awake).
Introduction of Awoken
But English speakers like consistency,
and by the 16th century,
we had introduced what was an initially poetic
past participleof awake to match the past-tense awoke: awoken
(as in "they were awoken").
Which gives us awake, awaked/awoke, awaken/awoken
And awaken, awakened, awakened
It's no wonder we can't figure out how to get out of bed.
Current Usage
At this point in time,
our evidence shows that
the most common inflections of awake
are awoke in the simple past ("he awoke")
and awoken as the past participle ("she was awoken").
The most common inflections of awaken
continue to be awakened in the past ("he awakened")
and awakened as the past participle ("she was awakened").
It helps if you remember that awaken and awake are different verbs,
and that awakened is regular.
Maybe just don't think about it too hard when you first wake up.
BRITISH DICTIONARY DEFINITIONS FOR WAKE
USAGE FOR WAKE
Where there is an object and the sense is the literal one
wake (up) and waken are the commonest forms:
I wakened him; I woke him (up).
Both verbsare also commonly used without an object:
I woke up .
Awake and awaken are preferred to other forms of wake
where the sense is a figurative one: he awoke to the danger
Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions
Wake & awake& awaken & waken
Our language has several verbs to express
waking from sleepand waking someone from sleep.
Awake-awaked and awake-awoke are correct, of course,
but somewhat formal: “I awoke him.”
Awaken-awakened-awakened is even more formal than awake. “
I awakened him.”
More commonly usedthan either is wake-waked or woke:
“I woke him.”
Waken-wakened-wakenedis less used than wake-waked-waked:
“I waked him.”
Most commonly used of all are wake-up, waked up or woke up. “
I waked up (or woke up) at dawn.”
“She waked up (or woke up) her sister at dawn.”
Each of the verbs mentioned may be used transitively or intransitively,
but awake is largely used intransitively. (When did you awake?)
and waken transitively (She wakened me early).
Wake is the only one of these terms regularly used with up:
“Wake up, you sleepyhead.”
The most commonly used past participle of wakeis awaked (not awoke): After I had waked him, I discovered my error.”
“I must have awaked
several times that night.”
