2021-03-07 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด V – Vicious & viscous circle/cycle
2021-03-07
ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด V – Vicious & viscous circle/cycle
แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น
ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค
Dictionary.com
ออกเสียง vicious = ‘VISH-uhs’
ออกเสียง viscous = ‘VIS-kuhs’
Merriam-Webster Dictionary
Choose the Right Synonym for vicious
VICIOUS, VILLAINOUS, INIQUITOUS,
NEFARIOUS, CORRUPT, DEGENERATE
mean highly reprehensible or offensive in character, nature, or conduct.
VICIOUS may directly oppose virtuous in implying moral depravity, or may connote malignancy, cruelty, or destructive violence.
a vicious gangster
VILLAINOUS applies to any evil, depraved, or vile conduct or characteristic.
a villainous assault
INIQUITOUS implies absence of all signs of justice or fairness.
an iniquitous system of taxation
NEFARIOUS suggests flagrant breaching of time-honored laws and traditions of conduct.
the nefarious rackets of organized crime
CORRUPT stresses a loss of moral integrity or probity causing betrayal of principle or sworn obligations.
city hall was rife with corrupt politicians
DEGENERATE suggests having sunk to an especially vicious or enervated condition.
a degenerate regime propped up by foreign powers
Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary
Vicious & viscous circle/cycle
The term “vicious circle” was invented by logicians
to describe a form of fallacious circular argument
in which each term of the argument draws on the other:
“Democracy is the best form of government
because democratic elections produce the best governments.”
The phrase has been extended in popular usage
to all kinds of self-exacerbating processes
such as this:
poor people often find themselves borrowing money to pay off their debts, but in the process create even more onerous debts which in their turn will need to be financed by further borrowing.
Sensing vaguely that such destructive spirals are not closed loops,
people have transmuted “vicious circle” into “vicious cycle.”
The problem with this perfectly logical change
is that a lot of people know what the original “correct” phrase was
and are likely to scorn users of the new one.
They go beyond scorn to contempt
however toward those poor souls who render the phrase as “viscous cycle.”
Don’t use this expression unless you are discussing a Harley-Davidson in dire need of an oil change.
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