2021-02-12 ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด T – these

Revision M-Z

2021-02-12

ศัพท์ น่าสับสน ชุด T – these

แนะนำการใช้ ตามที่ส่วนใหญ่ใช้ แต่ละท้องถิ่น

ความหมาย อาจผันแปร ตาม ตำแหน่ง/หน้าที่ ในประโยค

Dictionary.com

ออกเสียง these = ‘THEEZ’

Collins COBUILD English Usage

This and these are used in different ways

when you are referring to people, things, situations, events,

or periods of time.

They can both be determiners or pronouns.

These is the plural form of this.

1. referring back

You can use this or these to refer to people, things,

or events that have just been mentioned.

He's from the Institute of English Language in Bangkok.

This institute has been set up to serve language teachers in the area.

Tax increases may be needed next year to do this.

These particular students are extremely bright.

Don't use 'this' as a pronoun to refer to a person who has just been mentioned.

Instead, you use he or she.

He was known to everyone as Eddie.

'Bye,' Mary said as she drove away.

In conversation, many people use this and these

as determiners even when they are

mentioning people or things for the first time.

Then this guy came to the door of the class and he said, 'Mary, you're wanted out here in the hall.'

At school we had to wear these awful white cotton hats.

2. closeness

You can use this or these to refer to people or things

that are very near to you.

For example, if you are holding a book, you refer to it as 'this book'.

The colonel handed him the bag. 'This is for you,' he said.

Get these kids out of here.

'This' is not usually used as a pronoun to refer to a person.

You only use it when you are identifying someone

or asking them about their identity.

For example,

you use this when you are introducing someone.

Note that when you are introducing more than one person,

you use this, not 'these'.

This is Bernadette, Mr Zapp.

This is my brother Andrew and his wife Claire.

You also use this to say who you are when you phone someone.

Sally? This is Martin Brody.

3. present situations

You can use this to refer to a situation that exists now

or to an event that is happening now.

You know a lot about this situation.

4. 'this' and 'these' in time expressions

This is used in the following ways in time expressions:

You use it with morning, afternoon, or evening

to refer to the morning, afternoon, or evening of the present day.

I was here this afternoon. Have you forgotten?

However, don't say 'this day'. You say today.

I had a letter today from my solicitor.

Also, don't say 'this night'.

You refer to the previous night as last night.

You refer to the night of the present day as tonight.

We left our bedroom window open last night.

I think I'll go to bed early tonight.

This week, month, or year means the present week, month, or year.

They're talking about going on strike this week.

You usually use this with weekend

or with the name of a day, month, or season

to refer to the next weekend or to the next day, month,

or season with that name.

Come down there with me this weekend.

Let's fix a time. This Sunday. Four o'clock.

However, you can also use this

with one of these words to refer to the previous weekend,

or the previous day, month, or season with that name.

This summer

they spent £15 million on emergency shelters for the homeless.

These days means 'at the present time'.

The prices these days are absolutely ridiculous.

5. 'that' and 'those'

That and those are used in some similar ways to this and these.

See this - that (for an explanation of the differences)

Dictionary of Problem Words and Expressions

These kind& those kind & these sort & those sort

Sortand kind are singular nouns:

theseand those are plural modifiers.

Sayand write “this kind,” “that kind,”

“these kinds,” “this sort,”

“these sorts,” and “those sorts.”

Common Errors In English Usage Dictionary

In a sentence like

“I love this kind of chocolates,”

“this”modifies “kind” (singular) and not “chocolates” (plural),

So, it would be incorrect to change it to

“I love these kind of chocolates.”

Only if “kind”itself is pluralized into “kinds”

should “this” shift to “these“:

“You keep making these kinds of mistakes!"

By itself, there’s nothing wrong with the word “ones” as a plural:

“surrounded by her loved ones.”

However, “this one” should not be pluralized to “these ones.”

Just say “these."